Turning off the TPM causes this (Daedalus 5.0 + computer with TPM in the BIOS)
https://dev1galaxy.org/viewtopic.php?pid=45906#p45906
Maybe you should try it on a live image?

P.S. If TPM were in the way, I would, out of pure curiosity, build the kernel without its support.

Of course, it’s easier to install ready-made binary packages from a repository than to compile a program from source.
This is what the hplip-3.23.12.run program or tarball from the HP website does

In one of my experiences with a similar situation, Opesuse was the only distribution that correctly installed the grub-mbr bootloader on a GPT-partitioned disk, creating a msdos-boot partition.
In addition to it, I tried PcLinuxOs and Devuan.

In addition, the installer  Opesuse allows you to select a DE using a template, and the best part is that at the end it displays a page with suggested installation options that you can change, which is very useful if you made a mistake along the way or missed something.

P.S.  I do not advocate installing opensuse forever, like any other distribution.
I only suggest taking advantage of its greater functionality in such situations. turn on the network, connect its repositories to use the latest updates, etc.

In my case libasound2-plugin-equal does not work.
It's not the volume, but the lack of I/O devices for Firefox.
This is with pipeware installed, if you remove it and leave only alsa, then the columns are empty and no equalizer will help.
However, there is no sound only in Firefox.

@GlennW

It is not necessary.
You already have the OS installed, it just needs a bootloader.
1. The partition for the UEFI bootloader must be 0.5...2 GB in size and have the efi,boot flags. Create this instead of your 2 MB sda1 partition.
2. This can be done using gparted from a live image. In my experience it moves, resizes, etc. correctly.
3. I can’t say anything about super_grub2, I use YUMI Legacy, all you need to do to boot the OS from your hard drive is click on the first menu item. As I understand it, it works like grub with a search for installed operating systems.
YUMI Legacy itself requires Win to install, there is YUMI exFAT, but I have little experience using it.
картинка png

P.S.Another way, probably faster, is to create a partition for the UEFI bootloader and actually reinstall it.
By the way, I installed my Trinity using the live image of Daedalus 5.0 with Xfce.

@vendefoulwolf

Unfortunately, I can only guess (or fantasize, to be honest )
I haven't encountered this problem on my laptops.

If this is not a consequence of enabling airplane mode (keyboard shortcuts, etc.) and wifi works in Win, then almost every wifi chipset has a separate support line in the kernel configuration. I would try a live image of a different version or distribution.

Regards.

UEFI is dancing with a tambourine. 

The recipe may work on one distribution, but not on another. It may work if you give the installer the entire disk and will not work if you install it on a separate partition of a system with another Linux already installed in UEFI. (my last experience with Gostbsd) and such options...

@GlennW

To boot in UEFI mode, this partition must have the

esp

flag.

Regards.

P.S. The partirion table is not entirely clear.
If msdos, then the /dev/sda1 2mb bios-grub partition is not needed.

There is a lot on the Internet about "Hard blocked".
The solutions are either a button (function keys) on the laptop, or “magic” - disconnect it from the power adapter, remove the battery and wait 10...15 minutes.

I had the same problem on Daedalus.

There are two solutions: jack audio server, or pipeware. Both work for me, it's a matter of taste.

Recently (this year ) there was a discussion on the forum.

Below on the link page " GamesBox" there are ready-made addresses for inserting on forums, etc. Try copying them into the response box and clicking preview. You can insert the entire picture or thumbnail; when you click on it, the full picture opens.
And I’m impressed with your hardware, respect!

Regards.

P.S.I use this, the language is selected at the bottom of the page. In the window of the downloaded image it is directly written "link for forums".
https://postimages.org/

@GlennW
Thank you.
I was wrong when comparing different things
I installed gkrellm to compare readings. It shows 323 procs and top at this time in the terminal 179 tascs.

Regards.