Welcome aboard.

Why not tell us something about yourself.....

I'm guessing the new versions are for the upgraded libc, which I have already done on my installs yesterday.

Welcome back, & congrats on getting your own home.

Only thing about upgrading to Daedelus is to add a line to sources list, because Debian has separated out the non-free wifi stuff, I think it was, but it's in the forum somewhere.

Your system is 'freezing up'.

Sounds like faulty electrics/power, check out your wiring for something loose, (or perhaps it's trouble with your power company/supplier?).

If they aren't the problem then it looks like it could be a problem with your ram/faulty chips(?).

Processor may be overheating & shutting down the computer(?)

It may be something to do with the above security 'features' - maybe try removing 'secure boot', or possibly that TPM module(?).

If it's your own personal system that you want to duplicate, use a 'snapshot', these can be installed to bare metal - otherwise it sounds like you want to 'mirror' the repos.

If your user doesn't own the directory, you need to use sudo or the root account.

But, you could change ownership of that mount point to your user, then you can do what you like with files & directories on it.

sudo chown -R charon:charon /media/charon/seagate backup plus drive/ 

Try

Applications > Settings > Panel > Panel Preferences > Items

Welcome aboard.

So it is set to the US keyboard layout.

Is your actual keyboard a US model(?).

It's more likely to be 'country' related - we (in the UK) have to change from American, quite often, as all the symbols are in the wrong place ( ).

setxkbmap <yourcountrycode>

(As in setxkbmap uk)