Yes, probably.

Clear the magic string with

# wipefs -o 0x8001 /dev/sdb

They are created dynamically by udev.

That's because udev isn't running in that system so /dev hasn't been populated.

Can we see

wipefs /dev/sdb{,1}

Modify the command if the problematic drive has been assigned a different letter.

It's not just the kernel. That generation of Intel integrated graphics chips require a newer Mesa version.

The OP could try chimaera now or even add the MX Linux repositories — they've backported Mesa to a buster base, I have a guide to adding & pinning their repositories over at forums.debian.net — but neither option is ideal. I would usually recommend Arch for new hardware but most people here won't like that because of the init system that shall not be named (or spelled correctly).

Yes and yes.

There is no lsb-core package in Devuan beowulf, it is obsolete.

That's not how it works: https://dev1galaxy.org/viewtopic.php?id=3192

So you do understand how to make unattended-upgrades work then? I think the community would appreciate a quick HowTo thread in the Freedom Hacks section more than this pointless rant.

That won't work with Devuan beowulf.

^ Good point rolfie, thanks for the clarification. I just presumed the OP had installed the metapackage, which was silly of me.

Stormzy — Gang Signs & Prayer.

No link. Buy the album, it's great. If you like Grime ofc.

10th generation Intel chips onwards need a newer Mesa version than is available for Devuan beowulf. The same is true for the most recent AMD cards.

The OP should also note that all current graphics cards require non-free firmware even with the open source drivers supplied by the kernel.

See also http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?f=16&t=142974

EDIT: and please change the thread title — your machine doesn't "hang", it just fails to load the graphical desktop.

Yes, it does. Just run the usual apt update && apt upgrade. Don't target backports for updates & upgrades, that can break your box.

It's not a permissions issue, it's a PATH issue.

Either set PATH in the script or call the full path to fstrim in the script.

EDIT: gah, too slow...