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Magic sysrq is a kernel facility, docs here.
SAK (ctrl-alt-sysrq-k) is Secure Attention (or Access) Key and kills everything on the current tty except login.
Unraw (ctrl-alt-sysrq-r) switches the keyboard to xlate mode, which can be useful to wrest keyboard control from a misbehaving or crashed X process.
The term and kill commands might also be useful, in the case some init script or daemon has gone rampant
Default Debian installation does not make any difference between runlevels 2-5. You may customize them to your liking. Runlevels S (single) and 1 are used for maintenance.
The common xdm only in runlevel 5 convention comes from somewhere else, I forget exactly where.
You might try the usual tricks, like issuing a sysrq unraw or sak at an unresponsive login prompt, booting into runlevel 1 or S from the kernel command line, or at a pinch just passing sulogin (or even just sh) as init to boot direct to a shell and bypass normal startup altogether.
The "recovery shell" you mention is probably either runlevel 1 (or the synonymous "single") as above, or an initrd shell you'll be dropped into if the root fs is unavailable. Pretty sure Devuan has those and always has.
The apparmor stuff is probably harmless, for some unfathomable reason it keeps getting pulled in unless you pin it, then complains because it's not configured properly. In all it's kind of difficult to diagnose something like this from here without seeing the boot process.
Dude, shuddup (or sober up). Your posts are barely coherent at best, and swearing at the admins isn't going to win you any popularity contests.
Personally I think Devuan should move to openrc as default, and pool init documentation (and service scripts) with Gentoo, Artix, Alpine and Nitrux (and maybe even GhostBSD, which is pretty cool as far as BSD desktops go ).
But that's just me. While it does still do what it should, I have no particular love of sysv, insserv or LSB.
Itś been so long since I ran a sysV init system that I had forgotten to look in /etc/init.d/
To add insult, it's pretty difficult to find information on sysv on the 'net at large these days, as most distros have replaced the content of their online manuals and wikis with systemd stuff (as opposed to keeping both).
The debian manual for example lists sysvinit-core and insserv under "List of boot utilities", then goes on to talk about systemd and only systemd. So much for init diversity
OTOH, that does incentivise the local use of 'man' and 'apropos' rather than looking for lazy howtos online, which can't be a bad thing
If you not having problems, with discourse, then no need to worry.
Browsers aside, I prefer "If you not having problems with discourse, then you need to worry.", or simply "If you're using discourse, you have a problem."
That thing is the most obnoxious "forum" software I have ever had the misfortune to encounter.
Assuming you are running a display manager (e.g. slim) and would prefer to boot to a console login, the traditional sysv approach would be to remove its start link from one or more runlevels, then make one of those runlevels the default.
The former is best handled with update-rc.d on Debian based systems, and the latter can be done by editing /etc/inittab, either manually or with a stream editor.
e.g.
update-rc.d slim disable 3
followed by:
sed -i 's/id:.:initdefault:/id:3:initdefault:/g' /etc/inittab
See 'man init', 'man inittab' and 'man update-rc.d' for details.
Alternatively, if you will never need a graphical login you could just uninstall the display manager altogether.
Did you get dma as a Devuan package?
Of course, and the link I dropped points to the Devuan package index.
$ apt show dma
Package: dma
Version: 0.13-1+b1
Priority: optional
Section: mail
Source: dma (0.13-1)
Maintainer: Arno Töll <arno@debian.org>
Installed-Size: 165 kB
Provides: mail-transport-agent
Depends: ucf (>= 0.28), debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0, libc6 (>= 2.33), libssl3 (>= 3.0.0)
Conflicts: mail-transport-agent
Replaces: mail-transport-agent
Homepage: https://github.com/corecode/dma
Tag: implemented-in::c, interface::daemon, mail::smtp, mail::transport-agent,
protocol::smtp, protocol::ssl, role::program, works-with::mail
Download-Size: 52.1 kB
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus/main amd64 Packages
Description: lightweight mail transport agent
Perhaps you would post here what's in yours.
Sure:
deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
What does Devuan supply for an MTA? Most of the distributions I have used in the past used exim, later exim4. but thatś huge and over kill for a single user system.
The default MTA is still exim4, and the same alternatives are available as in Debian. For single-user systems with an external smtp server I quite like dma.
Since Devuan is derived from Debian is there a problem taking packages from the Debian repositories?
The vast majority of packages in Devuan are Debian packages, so while you can install most things from the Debian repos (bearing DontBreakDebian in mind), there's usually no reason to.
I find /etc/systemd/system well populated.
Will I break the system if I delete /etc/systemd/ ?
Almost certainly not, they're just unit files that came with packages merged from Debian (see above). There's no reason to delete them (or filter them out to begin with) though, as they do nothing by themselves.
tasksel installed 1159 packages, not files but packages. Is there a simple way to delete all those packages and start over?
Just like Debian, tasksel is "everything and the kitchen sink" mode, especially with recommends enabled. The usual Debian solutions apply - i.e. installing only what you actually want.
As for removing things, "start over" depends on where you started from, no? The task-desktop and lxde metapackages might be a good start, or go over the apt / dpkg logs and build a list.
Several times I have tried to install a package only to find there is nothing available, could that be because I opted for 64 bit daedalus rather than 32 bit?
I doubt it, i386 and amd64 contain an almost identical set of packages. More likely you don't have all the sections enabled in your sources...
Kinda hard to guess from here when you don't mention which packages you're talking about though.
The real elephant in this room is, is anyone in the know actually going to answer the OP's question:
A question to system maintainers, should we install the "usrmerge" debian package?
Additionally:
[When] do users of Devuan stable need to convert? How will this be handled?
This:
systems using it will be converted to the new layout when they are upgraded to bookworm.
Clearly doesn't apply to Devuan, and there is nothing in the Daedalus release notes. Do we actually have a plan yet, or are we still at the "futile arguments" stage?
Alright, here we go again...
This is a Devuan-native package, so nobody can blame Debian here.
This bug is trivial to reproduce, was filed over 7 months ago, and has seen absolutely zero action.
This has a very real potential to leave people with an unbootable system, as _intentional_ misbehaviour of 'systemd-detect-virt' causes /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub to skip updating the bootloader.
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
if type systemd-detect-virt >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
systemd-detect-virt --quiet --container; then
exit 0
fi
/usr/sbin/systemctl:
case "${0}" in
*hostnamectl|*systemd-detect-virt) exit 0 ;; # always just short-circuit
esac
Was this package added to Devuan as a trap?
Did anyone test it?
Where has the maintainer been for the last 7 months?
What the hell is going on?
And we're gonna need xrandr to scale down these 'improved' too fracking small to read resolutions.
Don't get me started on this idiotic HiDPI and "fractional scaling" nonsense everyone is so keen on these days (not least because it's the wayland "way").
We have DPI, a real physical property of the display device to base font scaling on, which would work just swimmingly if X didn't lie and always return 96DPI (which is a bug/regression) and GUI toolkits didn't ignore server DPI because of it.
But instead of patching the bug and fixing the mess of toolkits assuming buggy behaviour and doing their own thing, now we're hardcoding 96DPI all over the place (I'm looking at you, wayland and GTK) and adding expensive (and often blurry or unreliable) global scaling in the compositor...
So instead of selecting a preferred font size and automatically getting correct rendering for the connected display, the user gets fonts sized for an "average" display of 15 years ago and has to poke a "make it bigger" slider like a caveman until it doesn't look too horrible.
This, apparently, is progress.
re: @steve_v sig_line: Once is happenstance. Twice is coincidence. Three times is enemy action. Four times is Official GNOME Policy.
TBH I think I probably stole that from Jamie Zawinski. It's been so true for so long I forget, and it seems to be becoming ever more so as time goes on.
Belated credit where it's due if he was indeed the OG.
relying on Debian is coming to an end.
Other problems with Debian aside, I don't think usrmerge is a particularly smart hill to die on.
While the transition is a needless PITA to pander to systemd, it's unlikely to cause serious compatibility problems or affect our ability to not run systemd, and that remains the primary purpose of Devuan as a fork/derivative.
Personally I think it would be wiser to spend energy on solving the "sysvinit scripts going away upstream now systemd is deprecating support" problem (and/or improving openrc / runit etc. support) rather than fighting over usrmerge.
Freedom of choice is a key strength of Linux.
Indeed, and that's my main problem with wayland (and systemd, and almost everything else Redhat-IBM is doing ATM).
It's not that the software is bad, it's the way it's being agressively pushed on users and downstream distributions regardless of whether it or they are ready, by creating dependencies and intentionally breaking compatibility in ways that effectively force the use of the entire RH software stack.
Sentiment to the effect of "this is you wakeup call" "drive adoption" "force users to..." "time is up" "get with the program" etc. are not difficult to find amongst the developers involved, and this further speaks to the idea that Redhat-IBM believes they control enough of GNU/Linux development to dictate terms to other projects, end-users, and the rest of the community.
This is obnoxious, it smacks of corporate interests, and flies in the face of the "bazaar" development model that gave us so much freedom of choice to begin with.
It's not mine, it's just some random script I stole 'cause I'm too lazy to write an evdev test in a more sane language, and it's simple enough for even non snake-charmers to see it's not a bomb
Readline is set to produce an audible bell? (/etc/inputrc and ~/.inputrc)?
The console bell is something I find incredibly irritating, so while do I know how to kill it with fire I'm probably of rather less use when it comes to the opposite.
That said, (assuming we're talking about a real hardware pc-speaker here, not pc-speaker emulation) I'd probably start with going through the configuration items (inputrc / xset etc.) and potential permissions issues listed in the usual places. Most of it is biased towards eradicating the bell, but such advice should also work in reverse.
That the 'beep' command works suggests to me that your problem is likely either terminal configuration related, or something (e.g alsa or pulseaudio) is trying to redirect bell output to your sound card.
In the alsa case, IIRC that's controlled by e.g. SND_HDA_INPUT_BEEP and SND_HDA_INPUT_BEEP_MODE in the kernel config. As for pulse... Don't use, don't know, sorry.
Ed. Out of interest, does this beep?
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Beep PC Speaker using Linux evdev API.
To make /dev/input/by-path/platform-pcspkr-event-spkr device available, run:
root# modprobe pcspkr
"""
import ctypes
import math
import os
import time
EV_SND = 0x12 # linux/input-event-codes.h
SND_TONE = 0x2 # ditto
time_t = suseconds_t = ctypes.c_long
class Timeval(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [('tv_sec', time_t), # seconds
('tv_usec', suseconds_t)] # microseconds
class InputEvent(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [('time', Timeval),
('type', ctypes.c_uint16),
('code', ctypes.c_uint16),
('value', ctypes.c_int32)]
frequency = 440 # Hz, A440 in ISO 16
device = "/dev/input/by-path/platform-pcspkr-event-spkr"
pcspkr_fd = os.open(device, os.O_WRONLY) # root! + modprobe pcspkr
fsec, sec = math.modf(time.time()) # current time
ev = InputEvent(time=Timeval(tv_sec=int(sec), tv_usec=int(fsec * 1000000)),
type=EV_SND,
code=SND_TONE,
value=frequency)
os.write(pcspkr_fd, ev) # start beep
try:
time.sleep(0.2) # 200 milliseconds
finally:
ev.value = 0 # stop
os.write(pcspkr_fd, ev)
Uhh, why would you even contemplate that without backing up the system first?
... Thanks for being a proverbial canary though, I guess. I stand by my "good and ready" statement above.
Not very much... At least in theory. Primarily the ability to have /usr be a separate partition (or network mount) not required to boot the system, which hasn't been a common configuration for several decades now.
In practice, it's a bunch of needless disruption and a whole lot of packaging and testing work to ensure there are no file collisions or other jank, for the sake of some RedHat "improvements" and the usual "systemd doesn't support that, so let's make sure nobody else can either".
Personally I'm going with "IDRGAF unless it breaks my system, but I'll switch when I'm good and ready and I'll be proper annoyed if anyone tries to force it down my throat."
For the record, that doesn't mean I don't think it's stupid. It's just the kind of stupid that (probably) won't set anything on fire if handled carefully.
Standard-issue plug for Gentoo's "Unavoidable if you're running systemd, otherwise here's a profile option and a migration script, do whatever you like with them" approach here.
Pretty much every bit of the highly visible "progress" WRT "desktop" GNU/Linux (and OSS/FOSS in general) these days is to please:
a: RedHat IBM
b: IBM's customers
c: Commercial software vendors
d: Users who care more about running commercial software than software freedom
Hence the ongoing campaign to standardise enshitify or replace core components (under weak licences of course), reduce distro fragmentation diversity, agressively break compatibility with deprecated perfectly servicable but agenda-inconvenient software and systems, simplify packaging of closed-source software spyware and other garbage, and hide the system behind inscrutable abstraction layers and "user friendly" UIs so windows refugees feel more comfortable IBM can sell more support contracts.
I still don't understand what specific issue OP is facing
You, me, and probably everyone else as well.
With all the hyperbole and shouting, I'd be surprised if anyone has the slightest clue what the OP's actual problem is... Some ill-defined hatred of 64bit (20-ish years too late)? Generalised railing against the inevitability of Andy and Bill's law?
Originally it sounded like some problem with xfce, but now? At least the thread is a mildly entertaining read. vOv
On gentoo ( not that that makes much difference):
$ git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/transmission/transmission Transmission
---snip---
$ cd Transmission
$ cmake -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
---snip---
$ cd build
$ time cmake --build . -- -j 20
--snip---
[ 88%] Built target transmission-gtk
---snip---
[100%] Built target transmission-qt
real 1m10.308s
user 18m8.638s
sys 0m48.282s
5 commands, less than 2 minutes, no additional packages required, and no issues whatsoever to report.
Transmission is a perfectly ordinary cmake project, and building it is exactly as easy as it might seem... Provided, as the OP has discovered, you actually have the complete source tree to begin with.
If I was motivated enough (and had a debian/devuan desktop handy) I could likely build a Debian package almost as easily, but I'm still waiting to hear what's so great about this shiny new version.
3.x works just fine for my (headless server + webui) needs, and I see no reason to disturb a working system for the sake of "newer always better".
OTOH, if we keep up the "I don't know the answer, so just use appimage" and "download from official website" (AKA "I have 'ex-windows user' tattooed on my forehead") type nonsense, this place can be as devoid of useful technical information as FDN in no time.
Wouldn't it be easier to download qbittorrent appimage
While it might be easier, I really have no idea what qbittorrent or appimages have to do with compiling transmission.
How is this even remotely relevant or helpful?
@jemadux: You are extremely unlikely to find all the third-party sources (and correct versions) transmission needs as Debian/Devuan packages, at least not for a bleeding-edge version that isn't in any repository.
Closer investigation would suggest that only the "Source code" tarballs are incomplete (likely autogenerated), and the .tar.xz archive (i.e. this) is in fact what you want. Or just pull from github directly as I already suggested.
Also, less gratuitous full-quoting would be nice.
and there's no log file
Why would there be a log file, when the cmake output already makes the problem blindingly obvious?
-- Could NOT find DHT (missing: DHT_LIBRARY DHT_INCLUDE_DIR)
CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake-3.25/Modules/ExternalProject.cmake:3115 (message):
No download info given for 'dht' and its source directory:
/home/jemadux/projects/source/transmission-4.0.5/third-party/dht
is not an existing non-empty directory.
Have you looked at the directory structure mentioned? Does it contain sources for the DHT library?
Presumably you are trying to compile from the release tarball... Which for reasons unknown does not appear to include any of the required third-party sources.
Those you will likely need to retrieve via git, either manually or by cloning the project with --recurse-submodules as per the "Building Transmission from Git" instructions.
Or, as already suggested, you could simply forgo the SNS and use a stable, tested release from the repositories. What "must have" feature does 4.0.5 include anyway?
Apt has been able to handle local files on the command line for some time now, dependency resolution and all.
The problem at hand (after fixing missing sources) however has nothing to do with apt, Debian, or Devuan, and everything to do with poor quality packaging of commercial software... As usual.