Is this your first Daedalus installation? The fsmithreds suggestion is very relevant.

AMD cards are normally fully supported by kernel and firmware-amd-graphics.

Devuan Daedalus is not compatible to Ventoy. Does not work.

Use dd or cp to write the image to an empty stick, that works fine.

Forget about this idea. This was promoted for a while by Intel, they also had a product for that, and Seagate also had some hard disks with SSD cache on board in the portfolio, but never was really adopted in a bigger scale. This is sort of dead by now.

If Debian does Devuan should also do. Devuan is Debian - systemd packages + replacements. Kernel and drivers are the same.

You obviously did not read nor understand the page I linked.

1.) Do not use the Devuan root server http://pkgmaster.devuan.org in your sources.list. This puts heavy load onto the master server.
2.) Use http://deb.devuan.org/merged and if that gives you not resolved or something similar, you might try:
3.) Use http://de.deb.devuan.org/merged as example for Germany. de. is the country prefix. If you are living in one of the worlds bigger countries, this migth be an option. Warning: I did use the de. option for a while some years ago, then it became a problem. I am back to 2.) with minimum hasle.
3.) Brr, the mirror_list.txt has been converted from an easy human readable format to the new Debian standard called DEB882 which is better readable by machines. Last but not least you might use this example: http://ftp.fau.de/merged using the mirror ftp.fau.de from Germany. Adapt to your needs.

There is a link to devuan.org on the top of the forum page. There you find a lot of useful information.

Try this page first: https://www.devuan.org/os/packages

The screenshots you are showing here try to access beowulf which is Devuan 3. Daedalus is Devuan 5. You need to upgrade to Chimaera = Devuan 4 first and then to Devuan 5.

Edit /etc/apt/sources.list and replace beowulf with chimaera as a first step. I hope you are familiar with nano?

BTW: looks like there is an additional problem with resolving deb.devuan.org. There are several posts in the forum about this issue and hints how to resolve.

Nothing should be commented out in a Daedalus sources.list, it isn't neccessary. It should look like this:

deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged/ daedalus main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged/ daedalus-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged/ daedalus-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged/ daedalus-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

I am using the recommended default. It works to about 99.9% for me. If you run into problems, replace deb.devuan.org with a suitable mirror.

I am pretty sure dedicated install scripts for Debian will fail when they read a Daedalus sources.list. None of them will consider Devuan and like, they are written for stock Debian. No Devuan problem in itself. You have to do the installation manually. Read the instructions on the web pages and adapt the descriptions to Devuan Daedalus.

I run the Firefox ESR from the Mozilla website directly. Nowadays there is a deb package also.

The problem is that Windows sets the bios time to local time, while Linux system use UTC by default.

Suggestion (as recommended in the web and like I do it):
Set the bios time to UTC.

Search the web for an instruction how to set Win10 to UTC time too, its a registry hack (I did that for Win7 log time ago).

Ah ok, you have used the live version to install. That has some deficincies when trying to setup an encrypted PC. One of them being that the swap partition isn't encrypted which is a big loophole. I am not aware about any method of easily encrypting the swap partition and adding that to an encrypted root. Adding it unencrypted is possible. Format partition2 as swap and include it into the fstab.

The normal installer, no matter if you use netinstall, the CD or the DVD version, they support an encrypted luks container as physical volume for a LVM holding logical volumes for / and swap. Thats what I use and the live version does not support. Just /boot isn't encrypted. When the PC is off swap is locked inside the encrypted container and can't be read.

Your choice if you can live with what you got. I would recommend an installation from any regular medium.

To the root access problems: the sudo method works, you have to use sudo before any single admin command you want to issue. User password is required. This is the so called "Ubuntu" method.

When you have assigned a password to root, you can become superuser with the su command in a user terminal. You will be asked for the root password and then can issue an endless number of admin commands as you like without being asked for passwords again. There is a problem though: from Debian 10 Buster/Devuan 3 Beowulf onward Debian did move the su command code to a different package. An underlying change is related to the path: simply using su now uses the user path setting, and not the admin path anymore, resulting in many "command not found" messages. Now only with su - the path is set correctly. Workaround: edit /etc/login.defs and add a line with ALWAYS_SET_PATH yes where the paths are defined.

Look at the top of the forum page, there is a link to Devuan.org, and read the Packages page.

lspci and lsusb to find out what adapter is used? And from there install the relevant firmware and drivers?