Which permissions does it have/get and which permissions would you want?
Do you use eudev?

Afaict, assuming you have eudev installed, the mode for /dev/dri/renderD128 would be set b.m.o line 42 in /lib/udev/rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.

Answer about seatd and elogind would start with asking which "service managment" you are using; (apparently not sysvinit?)

About apt using ipv4 there's web results like this, suggesting by example:

sudo apt-get -o Acquire::ForceIPv4=true install pkg
sudo apt-get -o Acquire::ForceIPv4=true update
sudo apt-get -o Acquire::ForceIPv4=true upgrade
sudo apt-get -o Acquire::ForceIPv4=true dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get -o Acquire::ForceIPv4=true install ksh

Are you using excalibur?

Then the firmware-iwlwifi package installs the firmware to the wrong place; it installs into /usr/lib/firmware/intel whereas the kernel like always will want it in /lib/firmware/intel. If that's the case, please lodge a bug report to debian about it, as well as doing your own hands-on to make it work.

Apparently many debian packagers have decided to install stuff at different pathnames than before, which means that any script or program that has used full path is no longer working.

Likewise all existing documentation using the old pathnames is then outdated and wrong.

If you have the disk image you can mount that on som other system and run that update command there. Or even patch the initrd directly (unpack, patch, pack).

Welcome back.

Just to note, I run daedalus with pure ALSA and firefox-esr but I have to run it under apulse for working audio. I do this by moving the binary /usr/lib/firefox-esr/firefox-esr to the filename firefox-esr.orig and then set it as a link to my start script (named firefox-esr.apulse). Here's that script:

#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/bin/apulse /usr/lib/firefox-esr/firefox-esr.orig "$@"

The only "problem" with it is that firefox-esr updates replaces the link with its new binary, so I need to repeat moving it and restoring the link after update.

Perhaps it gets better if you change "hw" to "plughw"... or maybe just remove that asound.conf (since it doesn't disagree with the default about which the default card is)

EDIT: note that the difference between "hw" and "plughw" is the absence/presence of audio format translations. "hw" tells ALSA to channel audio direclty to the card without translations while "plughw" tells it to insert audio format conversions as needed.

"ManSpeed" ?

That looks like a "portmonnaie" word of MinSpeed and MaxSpeed.

There is a "man synaptics" to read.

Unplug the mouse, run "tail -f /var/log/syslog > capture.log", then plug in the mouse and then type ctrl-C to stop the tail. Then drop in the log into a code box here.

1. Yes: sudo umount $HOME/.xsession-errors un-does the mount and brings back the old $HOME/.xsession-errors file... (you may want to remove it and then "touch the pathname" before you mount so it comes back without any random old log lines)

2. For this option, you'd need to create that $HOME/bin/logrot.sh script, make it executable, and then edit crontab to have that line (or your preferred variant thereof). This option only keeps a single backup named $HOME/.xsession-errors.1 as it reuses that pathname each time.

3. For this option you'd need to install logrotate and then configure that.. as per its "man" pages. I don't know exactly.

"Firefox" needs to be run by "apulse" so as to direct its audio through pure ALSA.
E.g. insert "apulse" first on the "Exec" line of the ".desktop" file(s) in use for starting "firefox".

Having had a sniff at Ventoy I see that it uses an exfat filsystem, which is not included in preamble.gz. Perhaps it's sufficient to add that ...

EDIT: no it's not sufficient.