"Before you make a discovery, look at the textbook." (C) (Not mine)
Have an understanding of the theory of harmonic steam processes and the capabilities of SpectraLab.
And Audigy2, yes, 192 kHz (4*48).
Thank you, it’s my fault, there are a lot of buttons, I’m the only one, who couldn’t cope.

P.S. I didn't expect it myself.

Yesterday, upon requesting “SpectraLab...” Google returned a link to one of the radio forums with my participation from 2011.
My point is that these issues were discussed a long time ago and everything has already been clarified.

And you can imagine my “interest” in empty chatter on this topic...

@igorzwx
Yes, to be sure of the freshness of the fish, you need to try it.
I talk about my practical conclusions during the next audition. About the multi-bit DAC, as opposed to the 32-bit delta-sigma in the mentioned article.
You're talking about other people's opinions.
If you don’t want to understand, it in detail, with measurements, check the sound quality of different programs, it’s up to you. Of course it’s easier to say that the rest are deaf.

Maybe these numbers mean something to someone, but not to me.

So, the scientific approach (like a pro in measurement systems):

The goal - is an objective comparison of the effect on the sound of different resamplers and different systems (ALSA, pipeware, pulseaudio, etc.).
Method - instrumental measurements.

This requires another computer with a more or less high-quality sound card (I use audigy2, 24 bit, 195 kHz), an input/output connecting wire and two programs:
- RightMark Audio Analyzer (rmaa6) for measuring all parameters of the sound card being tested.
- SpectraLab or Linux analog for measuring distortion of specific signals.

Further, there are many possibilities, for example, by recording a pure sinusodal signal from a generator with a frequency of 1 kHz and measuring the distortion when it is played back in different versions of the system, we can objectively evaluate the comparison of alsa vs pipeware vs pulseaudio. Or various resamplers.

The photo shows my primitive cord and an example of wasted work - the electrostatic screen for the Yamaha 724 sound card, according to the measurement results, turned out to be absolutely useless.

Seriously speaking, I never even thought about it.
My audiophile preferences are a multi-bit DAC. A semi-homemade one, I don't remember which Marantz laser video player, with PCM56.

Hello!
I'm afraid they will simply leave us no choice.
For now, my push-button phone is enough for me (I charge it once, rarely twice a month), it receives an SMS from the bank when I log in from the computer.
I don’t know about you, but we charge a fee for such a bank transfer.
I don’t know what will happen next.
And secondly, all life is increasingly adapting to smartphone, NFC technology, etc.

P.S. And sometimes today the choice of a smartphone has advantages. A specific example of my conditions - ZTE Blade A51 provides 4G without recharging for 1.5...2 days. Laptop - 4...6 hours.

Chromium works for me without problems, without the mentioned errors.
Ublock has been added to it and the cache has been moved to RAM.

And as for the “use open source” mantra, in some cases there is no choice (video calls on Facebook), in others it requires additional software (for sound, for example on some computers), and in others, who, for example, controls the ublock lists? The developer himself does not do this.

Firefox has been turned into a toy for developers, they have removed the ability to change the font size for the user by simply selecting from the menu (which, in my opinion, is highly desirable), but they have provided the opportunity to delve into dozens of settings parameters, the meaning of which can only be understood after a deep study of the documentation.

P.S. Elections, browser errors, the ublock list (what prevents you from adding “unnecessary” sites there), the “newbie” of Petrov and Bashirov... coincidences?

@Altoid
I think this is garbage from your previous installations. On my Daedalus there were only two lines

dangling: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt-default/qtchooser/default.conf -> ../../../../share/qtchooser/qt5-x86_64-linux-gnu.conf
dangling: /usr/share/texmf/ls-R -> /var/lib/texmf/ls-R-TEXMFMAIN

Removed by adding the "d" key to the symlinks command, this is the output in a new session after the command in the bottom line.

root@devuan:/# symlinks -csrv / | grep dangling
dangling: /root/.trinity/tmp-devuan -> ../../tmp/tde-root
dangling: /root/.trinity/socket-devuan -> ../../tmp/tdesocket-root
root@devuan:/# symlinks -csrvd / | grep dangling

Yeah. One day I thought that there were real masterpieces on the Internet that I had never heard or seen. And instead of wasting time on useless forum debates, my recipe is solitaire + YouTube with classics, Bach, Von Karajan, etc.

?

You don't have any idea what you're talking about. Your sound card doesn't have enough gain for you to hear a 5-bit signal, and it's masked by noise.

P.S. I’ll add, maybe it will become clearer.
There is a real sound signal, you do not hear it, the card cannot reproduce it.
This concludes the question.
You can enhance it in an audio editor to make sure that there is something there, but this has nothing to do with real playback.

@zapper
This is not my interpretation of "pride", this is Robert Anson Heinlein. I agree with him.
But English is not my native language, nuances are quite possible.

This simply characterizes the quality of the sound card.

You don’t hear 2 bits out of 16 due to the high noise level, and no amount of resampling or software tricks will help. This is common on most computers. In addition to just noise, impulse noise increases jitter.

But, firstly, on the forum we express a subjective opinion, which by definition is undeniable, and secondly, hearing and the emotions it evokes are even more subjective. The brain does its job and, for example, it is impossible to determine the naturalness of reproduction without having previously heard acoustic instruments; the brain has nothing to compare with. And electronic instruments do not have their own “voice”.

Therefore, I do not dispute the opinion of my colleagues about the advantages of different methods of audio reproduction, but my audiophile experience suggests a skeptical attitude towards attempts to judge the quality of the remaining 14 bits.

And I don't consider Bill Reynolds, the developer of PCLinuxOS, to be a "slave", "defective", etc. only because it uses PulseAudio.

Ok, this is a fragment of a famous song recorded in 2 bits from 16 standard CD quality.
Can you tell who sings what?
http://ant-audio.co.uk/test/2bit_fragment.zip