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apt-get is not going to be deprecated.
apt-get is much better, because it has a sort of AI inside. It helps to solve problems which may seem unsolvable. In particular, it
intelligently handles changing dependencies$ man apt-get | grep "dist-upgrade i" -B1 -A5
dist-upgrade
dist-upgrade in addition to performing the function of upgrade, also intelligently handles changing
dependencies with new versions of packages; apt-get has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and it will
attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The
dist-upgrade command may therefore remove some packages. The /etc/apt/sources.list file contains a list of
locations from which to retrieve desired package files. See also apt_preferences(5) for a mechanism for
overriding the general settings for individual packages.$ man apt | grep "full-upgrade (" -A2
full-upgrade (apt-get(8))
full-upgrade performs the function of upgrade but will remove currently installed packages if this is
needed to upgrade the system as a whole.Debian documentation is not suggested for dogmatic reading. It is not a sort of Trotskyist or pseudo-Buddhist scriptures, it should not be treated as an infallible or dogmatic text, it should not be approached with a rigid or inflexible mindset. Instead, it encourages users to engage with the material in a more open and practical manner. Debian documentation is extensive and covers a wide range of topics, from installation to advanced configuration. Approaching it dogmatically might lead to misunderstandings or an inability to adapt to specific situations. It is a sort of esoteric text in the sense that it implies reading between the lines to comprehend its underlying, potentially hidden, message or intent, rather than a literal interpretation.
Esoteric writing is a mode of communication where a text's full meaning is not immediately apparent but requires a deep understanding or specialized knowledge to uncover hidden or implicit messages. It often involves layers of meaning that can only be grasped by those with specific knowledge or insight into the subject matter. Esoteric writing suggests esoteric reading, that is, reading between the lines.
The essence of esoteric writing lies in its ability to convey meanings that are not readily accessible to the general reader, requiring a certain level of expertise or insight to fully appreciate.
𝕮𝖍𝖆𝖗𝖆𝖈𝖙𝖊𝖗𝖎𝖘𝖙𝖎𝖈𝖘 𝖔𝖋 𝕰𝖘𝖔𝖙𝖊𝖗𝖎𝖈 𝖂𝖗𝖎𝖙𝖎𝖓𝖌
Layered Meanings: Texts often contain multiple interpretations, where the surface meaning may differ significantly from the deeper implications.
Specialized Knowledge: Understanding the text may necessitate familiarity with specific terminology, historical context, or cultural references.
Symbolism and Metaphor: Esoteric writing frequently employs symbols and metaphors that require interpretation beyond their literal sense.
Intended Audience: Such writing is often directed toward a select audience, who are expected to possess the requisite knowledge to decode the messages.𝕰𝖝𝖆𝖒𝖕𝖑𝖊𝖘 𝖔𝖋 𝕰𝖘𝖔𝖙𝖊𝖗𝖎𝖈 𝖂𝖗𝖎𝖙𝖎𝖓𝖌
Philosophical Texts: Works by philosophers like Plato or Ibn Rushd (Averroes) often contain esoteric elements that require careful analysis.
Religious Scriptures: Many religious texts, such as the Kabbalah in Judaism or certain interpretations of the Bible, are considered esoteric due to their complex symbolism.
Literary Works: Authors like Lewis Carroll or James Joyce are known for their allusive writing that invites deeper exploration.
Technical Documentation: Debian wiki and man pages have multiple layers of meaning that can only be grasped by the initiated.Esoteric writing encourages readers to engage actively with the text, fostering a deeper connection and understanding of the subject matter. It can be both challenging and rewarding, as it opens up avenues for exploration and interpretation that may not be immediately obvious.
Force install base-files
sudo dpkg -i --force-all /var/cache/apt/archives/base-files_14devuan1_amd64.debThen fix and upgrade
sudo apt-get install -fsudo apt-get dist-upgradeHave you tried to mount them manually?
"snd" means "sound"
snd_hda_intel is a "generic" ALSA driver for Intel HDA codecs
AMD is not producing audio codecs and sound cards (as far as I know).
AMD primarily focuses on producing central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs), not standalone audio hardware. Instead, most PCs with AMD processors rely on integrated audio solutions, often Realtek chipsets, on the motherboard, or digital audio output via HDMI from the AMD GPU for sound. The "AMD High Definition Audio Device" mentioned in technical support contexts refers to the audio functionality that comes with the graphics card, not a separate sound card or codec produced by AMD.
A generic driver is a basic driver that provides essential functionality for common hardware without needing a specific driver from the manufacturer. It acts as a placeholder, enabling the computer's operating system to communicate with hardware using standard protocols and features, though it may lack the full capabilities of manufacturer-specific drivers.
$ lsmod | grep oss
oss_hdaudio 155648 4
osscore 618496 3 oss_hdaudiooss_hdaudio is a generic Open Sound System v.4 (OSS4) driver for Intel HDA codecs.
It provides more functionality and better sound quality than ALSA's snd_hda_intel
Off-topic
_https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes_Minister
Yes Minister is a British political satire sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn. Comprising three seven-episode series, it was first transmitted on BBC2 from 1980 to 1984. A sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran for 16 episodes from 1986 to 1988.
One can find them in YouTube.
In Linux, /proc/asound/cards is a virtual file that lists the audio sound cards detected by the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) kernel system. It's not a real file but a kernel interface that generates its contents on-the-fly from ALSA's internal list of sound cards. You can read this file to see the registered audio devices, along with their index numbers, driver names, and identifying strings.
cat /proc/asound/cardsand compare with
arateconfTo configure ALSA, you need:
1. arateconf
2. alsamixer (to unmute and/or set volume level)
It is a very simple task, because arateconf is interactive and self-explanatory.
Pressing the F6 key within the alsamixer brings up a list of available sound cards, allowing you to select a different one to adjust its settings, which you can navigate using the arrow keys.
Unmute with alsamixer
_https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture#Unmute_with_alsamixer
AMD graphics cards provide audio functionality primarily for outputting sound over digital display connections like
1. HDMI via the AMD High Definition Audio Device driver,
2. DisplayPort via the AMD High Definition Audio Device driver.
Does your video card have a DisplayPort output?
Your arateconf output:
Curr. | Used | Play (def) | Rec (def) | Available cards
----------|------|------------|-----------|-----------------------------------
0 - >>>>> | * | * * | * * | HDA-Intel - HDA ATI HDMI
1 - | * | * | * | HDA-Intel - HD-Audio Generic
2 - | * | * | * | HDA-Intel - HD-Audio GenericIt may mean:
0 - HDMI audio of the CPU's built-in graphics chip (iGPU)
1 - AMD HD Audio through DisplayPort (or HDMI port) of AMD video card
2 - Intel HD Audio chip integrated to motherboardThat is why, perhaps, you reported: "i need to set (2) as (default playback) because if i set (1) then there is no sound".
You may need to unmute "sound card 1" with alsamixer. It may work, if your display has integrated speakers or a headphone-style jack (audio output port).
One of your "HD-Audio Generic" might be the AMD High Definition Audio through DisplayPort (or HDMI) of AMD video card.
Sound card 1 (or 2) "HD-Audio Generic" in your sound settings may refer to the AMD High Definition Audio Device, which is responsible for transmitting audio over the DisplayPort or HDMI connection from your AMD video card to your display.
An AMD video card typically has one hardware-accelerated audio codec for the GPU's audio output, such as the AMD High Definition Audio Device.
The sound output from an HDMI port can originate from either the dedicated graphics card's chip or the CPU's built-in graphics chip (iGPU), and the source depends on which device is connected to the monitor. If your PC has a dedicated graphics card, the audio should come from its HDMI port, not the motherboard's HDMI port, which is tied to the iGPU.
"Sound card 0" HDMI audio "HDA ATI HDMI" might may refer the CPU's built-in graphics chip (iGPU).
This is your inxi:
$ inxi -A
Audio:
Device-1: AMD Navi 31 HDMI/DP Audio driver: snd_hda_intel
Device-2: AMD Rembrandt Radeon High Definition Audio driver: snd_hda_intel
Device-3: AMD Family 17h/19h HD Audio driver: snd_hda_intel
Device-4: Cambridge Audio USB 1.0 driver: snd-usb-audio type: USB
API: ALSA v: k6.8.0-79-generic status: kernel-apiYou have
1-2. two HDA codecs
3. HDMI codec
4. USB DAC
Everything should work.
Run arateconf and configure ALSA for your needs.
You may also need
alsamixerRun
man alsamixerand read it.
_https://man.archlinux.org/man/alsamixer.1.en
Unmute with alsamixer - ArchWiki
_https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture#Unmute_with_alsamixer
You can create two ALSA configs with different default devices and toggle them with a script
EXAMPLE:
_https://dev1galaxy.org/viewtopic.php?pid=57177#p57177
Off-topic:
Satire is an ancient tool for defending freedom of speech.
Have you read Aristophanes and Juvenal?
Instead of inventing myths, read the output from the terminal and try to understand it.
AI has absolutely nothing to do with Devuan and would be totally OT on a Devuan wiki even though it is tolerated on the forum in moderation.
_https://dev1galaxy.org/viewtopic.php?pid=56023#p56023
If you quote AI, you might be mobbed by AI haters.
_https://dev1galaxy.org/viewtopic.php?pid=56023#p56023
EDIT:
It is a sort of "public censorship"
You marked the AI stuff, which is the correct way to site it - good.
On the other hand ...
AI translates to Artificial Idiot in my world. I like stupid things in (e.g.) movies, but not in a technical al forum. Please do not (re-)post such stuff. Thanks.
_https://dev1galaxy.org/viewtopic.php?pid=55991#p55991
The term "public censorship" implies situations where people self-censor, choosing not to express their views publicly for fear of backlash or to conform to perceived public opinion, a phenomenon sometimes called public opinion pressure.
Certain philosophers, particularly Plato in The Republic, claimed that the state's legal censorship is much better than public censorship. The state was supposed to protect the freedom of the individual from the public.
Trial of Socrates
_https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Socrates
The theoretical end-stage of communism is a stateless society. That is why, perhaps, the Russian geneticist Nikolai Vavilov was sentenced to death in 1941.
You likely do not need the Linpack benchmark for typical personal computer use or stability testing, as it's a specialized tool for measuring the performance of supercomputers on a very specific task (solving dense linear systems) and for use in the TOP500 list. You might need it if you are benchmarking a high-performance computing (HPC) cluster, contributing to the TOP500, or trying to aggressively stress-test an overclocked PC.
Do not take anything for granted, especially the answers of AI.
AI is not allowed to use on Devuan forums.
Notice, however, that genetics and cybernetics were prohibited by Stalin and Khrushchev, because they are "prostitutes of capitalism". The Russian geneticist Nikolai Vavilov was sentenced to death in 1941. His sentence was later commuted to 20 years in a labor camp, but he died in prison in 1943 from harsh conditions and starvation.
You may better start a new topic about amdgpu
Most probably, everything should work.
The users of amdgpu may help you to sort it out.
Configuring Linux for Multiple Displays
_https://docs.vpixx.com/faq/configuring-linux-for-multiple-displays
Yubikeys are vulnerable to cloning attacks
_https://twit.tv/posts/transcripts/security-now-991-transcriptSecurity Now 991
RAMBO
Hosted by Steve Gibson, Mikah Sargent
Cloned YubiKeys, Telegram vs. Signal, French Elevators, Unix Time
_https://twit.tv/shows/security-now/episodes/991
Everything OK
On Devuan
$ apt info mate-desktop-environment-extras
...
Recommends: blueman, caja-admin, caja-eiciel, caja-gtkhash, caja-image-converter (>= 1.26), caja-open-terminal (>= 1.26), caja-rename, caja-seahorse, caja-sendto (>= 1.26), caja-wallpaper (>= 1.26), dconf-editor, gnome-keyring, gnome-system-tools, mate-dock-applet, mate-menu (>= 18.04), mate-sensors-applet (>= 1.26), mate-tweak (>= 18.04), mate-user-share (>= 1.26), mozo (>= 1.26), yelp
Suggests: caja-share (>= 1.26), mate-netbook (>= 1.26), mate-user-guide
...You can install them manually, if you need.
On Devuan:
$ apt-cache search amdgpu
libdrm-amdgpu1 - Userspace interface to amdgpu-specific kernel DRM services -- runtime
ricks-amdgpu-utils - transitional package
xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu - X.Org X server -- AMDGPU display driver
firmware-amd-graphics - Binary firmware for AMD/ATI graphics chipsCheck what is available on Linux Mint. Run:
apt-cache search amdgpuLinux Mint is slow on very old computers. Devuan is much faster.
Devuan is inherently faster than many other distributions, because it replaces systemd with a lighter init system like sysvinit, runit, or openRC. This reduces memory usage and improves boot times. The actual speed difference is also influenced by the chosen desktop environment, specific applications, and hardware capabilities.
Linux Mint is very buggy, you may need to reboot it frequently.
Installing or Uninstalling the AMDGPU stack
_https://amdgpu-install.readthedocs.io/en/latest/install-installing.html
AMDGPU - ArchWiki
_https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/AMDGPU
Debian Wiki
AMD/ATI Drivers (amdgpu, radeon, r128, mach64)
This page describes the process of installing and configuring the display drivers for ATI/AMD graphics hardware on Debian systems.
_https://wiki.debian.org/AtiHowTo
Run
sudo apt install -fIt should fix everything.
If it does not help
sudo apt remove mate-desktop-environment-extra mate-desktop-environment-extrasI had the same problem with Linux Mint. It has always been buggy.
Do not forget to install mate-desktop-environment-extra
Post the output of this command;
ls -1 /etc/xdg/autostart | grep 'mate-volume-control\|nm-applet'Have you already compiled keypassXC?
Sorry, I forgot that jokes can be censored.
"kubuntu-desktop" is not a Desktop. It is a meta package, which can be safely removed.
The names can be misleading.
You may better try to install Mate Desktop, and then remove "mate-desktop".
Do you have a testing system?
$ apt-file list mate-desktop
mate-desktop: /usr/bin/mate-about
mate-desktop: /usr/bin/mate-color-select
mate-desktop: /usr/share/applications/mate-about.desktop
mate-desktop: /usr/share/applications/mate-color-select.desktop
mate-desktop: /usr/share/doc/mate-desktop/changelog.Debian.gz
mate-desktop: /usr/share/doc/mate-desktop/changelog.gz
mate-desktop: /usr/share/doc/mate-desktop/copyright
mate-desktop: /usr/share/man/man1/mate-about.1.gz
mate-desktop: /usr/share/man/man1/mate-color-select.1.gzHave you already compiled anything with CMake?
_https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/keepassxc/-/blob/main/PKGBUILD?ref_type=heads
# Maintainer: Balló György <ballogyor+arch at gmail dot com> # Maintainer: Bruno Pagani <archange@archlinux.org> # Maintainer: Robin Candau <antiz@archlinux.org> pkgname=keepassxc pkgver=2.7.10 pkgrel=4 pkgdesc="Cross-platform community-driven port of Keepass password manager" url="https://keepassxc.org/" arch=(x86_64) license=('GPL-2.0-only OR GPL-3.0-only OR LGPL-2.1-only') depends=('argon2' 'botan' 'hicolor-icon-theme' 'libxtst' 'minizip' 'pcsclite' 'qrencode' 'qt5-svg' 'qt5-x11extras' 'libusb') makedepends=('asciidoctor' 'cmake' 'git' 'qt5-tools') checkdepends=('xclip' 'xorg-server-xvfb' 'xclip') optdepends=('xclip: keepassxc-cli clipboard support under X server' 'wl-clipboard: keepassxc-cli clipboard support under Wayland') provides=('org.freedesktop.secrets') source=("git+https://github.com/keepassxreboot/keepassxc.git#tag=${pkgver}?signed" 'TestEntryModel.patch') sha256sums=('789edc3cbd55783b10a3b64863ea34e2588b6b52de85ffe11898fa5ca3022b10' '1448fb616c4eaf7b0f9019ee10f813199d7105442e3f61aea31e901139b87f43') validpgpkeys=(3489040C1F0C3EEAB8D556A5440FC65F2E0C6E01 # Jonathan White <support@dmapps.us> BF5A669F2272CF4324C1FDA8CFB4C2166397D0D2 # KeePassXC Release <release@keepassxc.org> 71D4673D73C7F83C17DAE6A2D8538E98A26FD9C4 # KeePassXC Release <release@keepassxc.org> AF0AEA44ABAC8F1047733EA7AFF235EEFB5A2517 # KeePassXC Release <release@keepassxc.org> C1E4CBA3AD78D3AFD894F9E0B7A66F03B59076A8) # KeePassXC Release <release@keepassxc.org> prepare() { cd "${pkgname}" # Work around some test failures with the TestEntryModel test # See https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/-/blob/df401d633cb8812c52c2a33f699b9bdaadff27a1/community/keepassxc/tests.patch patch -Np1 -i "${srcdir}/TestEntryModel.patch" } build() { cmake -S "${pkgname}" -B build \ -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib \ -DKEEPASSXC_BUILD_TYPE=Release \ -DWITH_XC_ALL=ON \ -DWITH_GUI_TESTS=ON \ -DWITH_XC_UPDATECHECK=OFF cmake --build build } check() { xvfb-run --auto-servernum cmake --build build --target test } package() { cmake --build build --target install -- DESTDIR="${pkgdir}" }
Since Altoid cannot compile anything, he is not entitled to discuss security problems.
Password managers might be very attractive targets to compromise.
Arch had a very good wiki.
Many experienced users left Arch because of systemd and pulseaudio.
Arch has been in decline since 2010.
In 2009, Arch was easy to install and easy to use. It did not have pulseaudio. Both ALSA and OSS4 were available in official repositories. Many Ubuntu users migrated to Arch in the hope to get rid of pulseaudio. It was decided, therefore, to utilize them for testing pulseaudio, Gnome3, and systemd. Perhaps nobody was happy about being utilized in such a way.
Arch was about freedom and "keep it simple" principle (KISS). But if you have enough users, why not sell them for testing systemd?
On the other hand, if one believes himself possessed of the absolute truth, he is entitled by this very truth to force it upon others if those others don't understand or accept it. The truth itself serves as a legitimate basis for asserting power or control.
A new leader in the north of the island, Neloaig (Nelawihang), proclaimed himself John Frum, King of America and of Tanna. He organized an armed force which conscripted labour for the construction of an aerodrome which the Americans had told him to build for American Liberator planes bringing goods from John Frum's father. Those who refused to work would be bombed by planes. This pressed labour was resisted by a few natives who were wounded...
The police reinforcements, with two U.S. officers, were quickly dispatched to the John Frum airstrip. There they found 200 men at work, surrounded by others with guns. After the latter were disarmed, an American officer spoke to the natives, trying to persuade them of their folly. This was backed up by a demonstration of the power of a tommy-gun turned on a John Frum poster pinned to a nearby tree. Many fled in panic; the police then burned down a John Frum hut and took forty-six prisoners.Peter Worsley (1957), The Trumpet Shall Sound: A study of 'cargo' cults in Melanesia, London: MacGibbon & Kee, p. 158.
The absolute truth by its very nature is exclusive, it does not permit any other truths to exist. The absolute truth is inherently self-consistent: if something is absolutely true, its opposite cannot be true, and its truth is independent of perspective or opinion. The absolute truth is the only valid and ethical justification for an action or activity, particularly in context of software development.
Using cmus with ALSA
_https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Cmus
To fix it, create a new configuration file
nano ~/.config/cmus/rcand set the following variables:
$ cat ~/.config/cmus/rc
set output_plugin=alsa
set dsp.alsa.device=default
set mixer.alsa.device=default
set mixer.alsa.channel=MasterTry to run it with apulse
apulse cmusYou may need to install apulse
sudo apt install apulseUsing cmus with ALSA
_https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Cmus
i have heard that sound over USB may be spotty
The sound over USB might be spotty and crappy, if ALSA is misconfigured, or because of pulseaudio or pipewire.
The ALSA driver for your USB DAC is likely to support 32bit 192kHz, because your USB DAC has 24bit 192kHz spec.
You may better test both 32bit and 24bit. That is why arateconf provides a utility to test which audio formats are supported by ALSA drivers.
If you switch to USB2, it should be re-configured.
"upsampling on the DAC from source material to 24/384" (in your DAC) has nothing to do with the fftrate plugin, arateconf, and ALSA.
Spec of your DAC:
Digital input word widths supported
16-24bit
Digital input sampling frequencies supported
32kHz, 44.1kHz, 48kHz, 88.2kHz, 96kHz, 176.4kHz**, 192kHz
_https://dev1galaxy.org/viewtopic.php?pid=57443#p57443
On Linux (s/pdif), your DAC should support 32bit 192kHz (or 32bit 96kHz, or else).
It is so with OSS4 (in exclusive mode), and it should be the same with ALSA.
Try 32bit instead of 24bit.
The 32-bit representation serves as a larger, more flexible "container" to preserve the higher precision of the 24-bit data and prevent clipping during internal mixing or editing, especially in professional digital audio workstations (DAWs). The 24-bit data is stored within the 32-bit format, ensuring its precision is maintained without needing resampling.
Why 32-bit is Used as a Container
DAWs and audio servers use 32-bit internally to avoid the complexities of dithering and exporting to fixed-point formats like 24-bit...
When 24-bit integer data is stored in a 32-bit container, the 24-bit precision is preserved within the larger format, similar to storing a number like 0100 in a longer string of zeros, like 00000100.
...the data buffers which these descriptors define will contain the actual sound samples (or have samples written into them) structured like the content of .wav files (though 20 and 24-bit samples must be padded out with zeros at the LSB end to make them all 32-bits long).
_https://wiki.osdev.org/Intel_High_Definition_Audio
It may sound esoteric, but it is about Linux drivers for sound cards. The drivers usually support 32-bit (rather than 24-bit) containers for audio formats (digital input).
Config was saved (but it was, perhaps, misconfigured). You can read it with command
cat ~/.asoundrcTests failed, perhaps.
Was it like this:
Saving config file...
Test: 'default' ... 'capture' ... Failed!
Test: 'default' ... 'capture' ... Failed!
Ok.Try
DAC : 32bit 96kHz
HDA : 32bit 192kHz
HDMI: 16bit 48kHz
? DAC : 32bit 192kHz
What is in the spec? If 24bit, try 32bit and 24bit.
24bit usually means 32bit in this context.
EDIT:
If you managed to compile the fftrate (despite so little experience with Linux), you might be able to solve any problem.
HDMI is most probably 16bit 48kHz
HDA codec (motherboard) usually supports 32bit 192kHz (best quality) and some other formats.
If this you DAC spec _https://dev1galaxy.org/viewtopic.php?pid=57443#p57443
you have to try 32bit 192kHz
If it does not work, try 24bit or 16bit.
I tested the fftrate (and bluealsa) on the latest Linux Mint Mate (pipewire was removed).
It works without problems.
Please, start a new topic and post the output of these commands
fuser -av $(find /dev/snd -type c 2>/dev/null)inxi -Acat ~/.asoundrcwhereis arateconfand complete output of arateconf
arateconfSee also:
_https://dev1galaxy.org/help.php
@stargate-sg1-cheyenne-mtn
If you are searching for intellectual entertainment, you may try
Alan Watts, The Individual & The World, Full Lecture
_https://youtu.be/Gr4Wo2OOJdY
EDIT:
The Brave Browser blocks ads & commercials in YouTube
To improve sound quality with ALSA, try to run it with apulse
apulse /usr/bin/brave-browser-stableThe Brave browser includes a built-in ad-blocking feature called Brave Shields that automatically blocks unwanted advertisements and trackers on most websites and video platforms by default, offering a cleaner, faster, and more private browsing experience without needing third-party extensions