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@GlennW
I updated the BIOS to the most recent one as soon as I acquired the laptop. I had to do it immediately because I was planning on replacing the low-capacity "value" SSD it arrived with (it had Windows installed and HP's BIOS update only works with Windows). And I have never used torrents, but it's good to know that rebooting after using them is recommended practice.
Thanks for the offer, andyprough. I've been looking at processor percentages listed by top and rarely do any of them exceed 3%, though about once each minute Cinnamon approaches 10%, something I find very curious.
On the temperature front, the NVMe SSD has reached 84 c as per Psensor, which is disappointing given that it's a Samsung Pro with a piece of aluminum Samsung laughingly calls a heatsink. I am beginning to think airflow is an issue, something I will investigate when I open the back. Maybe it's time to drill a few holes in the back. ;-)
Thanks to all who replied. The references to malware tools and process researchers is just what I needed.
The laptop is only a few months old, but it's a possibility that the fan is toast. I hate to open the back because it's one of those new-fangled ones that require a plastic tool -- I used a plastic paint scraper before -- to be inserted to remove the back from the front. Oh, how I miss the old laptops with regular screws. But I'll do it to see if the fan is having problems.
My system is a relatively new laptop with AMD processor & graphics and an NVMe SSD, with the OS being Devuan Chimaera Cinnamon.
Recently the fan started going on on a regular basis, something it never did before, making me suspect that a cyber-currency miner is running (Psensor shows temps as high as 61, which should never happen given that I don't game or use cpu-intensive applications). If this was a Windows system, I'd run Malwarebytes, but this is Linux, so I looked to Clam. When I started Clamtk, a message informed me that "An update is available," but there is no update button. So I killed Clamtk and executed "sudo apt update", "sudo freshclam", "sudo clamscan /" in a terminal. "sudo apt update" returned "All packages are up to date." But then when I started Clamtk again, the message still appeared, making me think the update failed. Any thoughts?
~$ sudo freshclam
Tue Dec 14 15:48:38 2021 -> ClamAV update process started at Tue Dec 14 15:48:38 2021
Tue Dec 14 15:48:38 2021 -> ^Your ClamAV installation is OUTDATED!
Tue Dec 14 15:48:38 2021 -> ^Local version: 0.103.3 Recommended version: 0.103.4
Tue Dec 14 15:48:38 2021 -> DON'T PANIC! Read https://www.clamav.net/documents/upgrading-clamav
Tue Dec 14 15:48:38 2021 -> daily.cld database is up-to-date (version: 26387, sigs: 1950745, f-level: 90, builder: raynman)
Tue Dec 14 15:48:38 2021 -> main.cvd database is up-to-date (version: 62, sigs: 6647427, f-level: 90, builder: sigmgr)
Tue Dec 14 15:48:38 2021 -> bytecode.cvd database is up-to-date (version: 333, sigs: 92, f-level: 63, builder: awillia2)
~$ sudo clamscan --recursive /
<whole bunch of lines deleted>
~$ whereis freshclam
freshclam: /usr/bin/freshclam /usr/share/man/man1/freshclam.1.gz
~$ whereis clamscan
clamscasn:
~$ ldd $(which freshclam)
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffee231f000)
libclamav.so.9 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libclamav.so.9 (0x00007f1d507e2000)
libfreshclam.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreshclam.so.2 (0x00007f1d507ac000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f1d5078a000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f1d505c5000)
libjson-c.so.5 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjson-c.so.5 (0x00007f1d505b2000)
libbz2.so.1.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbz2.so.1.0 (0x00007f1d5059f000)
libltdl.so.7 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libltdl.so.7 (0x00007f1d50592000)
libxml2.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxml2.so.2 (0x00007f1d503e4000)
libmspack.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmspack.so.0 (0x00007f1d503cf000)
libcrypto.so.1.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.1 (0x00007f1d500db000)
libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007f1d500be000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f1d4ff7a000)
libtfm.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtfm.so.1 (0x00007f1d4fd3e000)
libpcre2-8.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre2-8.so.0 (0x00007f1d4fca6000)
libresolv.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2 (0x00007f1d4fc8c000)
libcurl.so.4 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcurl.so.4 (0x00007f1d4fbf1000)
libssl.so.1.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.1.1 (0x00007f1d4fb5e000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f1d509f8000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f1d4fb56000)
libicuuc.so.67 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicuuc.so.67 (0x00007f1d4f96d000)
liblzma.so.5 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblzma.so.5 (0x00007f1d4f945000)
libnghttp2.so.14 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnghttp2.so.14 (0x00007f1d4f918000)
libidn2.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libidn2.so.0 (0x00007f1d4f8f7000)
librtmp.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librtmp.so.1 (0x00007f1d4f8d6000)
libssh2.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssh2.so.1 (0x00007f1d4f8a1000)
libpsl.so.5 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpsl.so.5 (0x00007f1d4f88d000)
libgssapi_krb5.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 (0x00007f1d4f83a000)
libldap_r-2.4.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libldap_r-2.4.so.2 (0x00007f1d4f7e4000)
liblber-2.4.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblber-2.4.so.2 (0x00007f1d4f7d3000)
libbrotlidec.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbrotlidec.so.1 (0x00007f1d4f7c3000)
libicudata.so.67 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicudata.so.67 (0x00007f1d4dcaa000)
libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f1d4dadd000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f1d4dac3000)
libunistring.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libunistring.so.2 (0x00007f1d4d941000)
libgnutls.so.30 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgnutls.so.30 (0x00007f1d4d73f000)
libhogweed.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhogweed.so.6 (0x00007f1d4d6f6000)
libnettle.so.8 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnettle.so.8 (0x00007f1d4d6ae000)
libgmp.so.10 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgmp.so.10 (0x00007f1d4d62d000)
libgcrypt.so.20 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcrypt.so.20 (0x00007f1d4d50d000)
libkrb5.so.3 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5.so.3 (0x00007f1d4d433000)
libk5crypto.so.3 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libk5crypto.so.3 (0x00007f1d4d401000)
libcom_err.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcom_err.so.2 (0x00007f1d4d3fb000)
libkrb5support.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5support.so.0 (0x00007f1d4d3ec000)
libsasl2.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libsasl2.so.2 (0x00007f1d4d3cf000)
libbrotlicommon.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbrotlicommon.so.1 (0x00007f1d4d3ac000)
libp11-kit.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libp11-kit.so.0 (0x00007f1d4d276000)
libtasn1.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtasn1.so.6 (0x00007f1d4d260000)
libgpg-error.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpg-error.so.0 (0x00007f1d4d23a000)
libkeyutils.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkeyutils.so.1 (0x00007f1d4d233000)
libffi.so.7 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libffi.so.7 (0x00007f1d4d227000)
Thanks for the answer. I will remove the internal SSD to avoid creating a dual-boot.
My new laptop is running fine with Chimaera Cinnamon (thanks again to all who assisted). Now I'm migrating an external SSD which has Beowulf MATE on it (yes, I know I can have multiple desktops on a system, but I already have the external SSD). I've read the release notes and understand how to do the upgrade from Beowulf to Chimaera. I have one last question. I do not want to end up with a dual-boot situation (that's why I have external SSDs). My question is: if I follow the instructions to upgrade, will the process adjust Grub to add a dual-boot or will the process simply upgrade the external SSD's OS?
I finally bought a small pack of DVD-R discs and burned Devuan 4.0 on it. I was able to install the prerequisites for the Realtek driver, the Realtek driver, firmware-amd-graphics, and then the usual updates. Thanks to everyone for saving me from installing Windows.
I finally bought a small pack of DVD-R discs and burned Devuan 4.0 on it. I was able to install the prerequisites for the Realtek driver, the Realtek driver, firmware-amd-graphics, and then the usual updates. Thanks to everyone for saving me from installing Windows.
I have no Internet connectivity (installation was done solely via the USB flash drive), so I need to install Reaktek drivers manually (I got the .deb from MX Linux: http://mxrepo.com/mx/repo/pool/main/r/rtl8821ce/). But first I need to install some things from the USB flash drive I used for installation because Devuan puked when I tried to install the .deb.
sudo dpkg -i Downloads/rtl8821ce-dkms_5.5.2.1-7~mx21+1_all.deb
(Reading database ... 190461 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../rtl8821ce-dkms_5.5.2.1-7~mx21+1_all.deb ...
Unpacking rtl8821ce-dkms (5.5.2.1-7~mx21+1) over (5.5.2.1-7~mx21+1) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of rtl8821ce-dkms:
rtl8821ce-dkms depends on dkms (>= 2.1.0.0); however:
Package dkms is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package rtl8821ce-dkms (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
rtl8821ce-dkms
P.S. I know how to use vi and understand the concept of comments, as I used Unix a million years ago.
@golinux
Actually I'm having problems with the syntax of sources.list (see my other post). My Realtek wireless does not appear to be supported yet in Debian/Devuan.
@Head_on_a_Stick
Keep in mind that I have no Internet connectivity on the new laptop. That line returned nothing, but maybe I typed it in wrong. lspci returns:
00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2 Root Complex
00:00.2 IOMMU: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2 IOMMU
00:01.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-1fh) PCIe Dummy Host Bridge
00:01.2 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2 PCIe GPP Bridge [6:0]
00:01.6 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2 PCIe GPP Bridge [6:0]
00:01.7 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2 PCIe GPP Bridge [6:0]
00:08.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-1fh) PCIe Dummy Host Bridge
00:08.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2 Internal PCIe GPP Bridge 0 to Bus A
00:14.0 SMBus: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SMBus Controller (rev 61)
00:14.3 ISA bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH LPC Bridge (rev 51)
00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2 Device 24: Function 0
00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2 Device 24: Function 1
00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2 Device 24: Function 2
00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2 Device 24: Function 3
00:18.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2 Device 24: Function 4
00:18.5 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2 Device 24: Function 5
00:18.6 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2 Device 24: Function 6
00:18.7 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2 Device 24: Function 7
01:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM981/PM981
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 15)
03:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8821CE 802.11ac PCIe Wireless Network Adapter
04:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Picasso (rev c2)
04:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Raven/Raven2/Fenghuang HDMI/DP Audio Controller
04:00.2 Encryption controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 10h-1fh) Platform Security Processor
04:00.3 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven USB 3.1
04:00.4 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven USB 3.1
04:00.5 Multimedia controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2/FireFlight/Renoir Audio Processor
04:00.6 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 10h-1fh) HD Audio Controller
I realize this is a basic syntax question, but I'm running into so many problems with my new laptop, I need a break. In /etc/apt/sources.list, how do I change the first line to use a USB flash drive instead of a CD/DVD?
deb cdrom:[Devuan ...
My laptop is not only new, it's a gray-market one from Newegg (though Newegg does not list it as such, listing it as refurbished). I've run into strange driver problems with both Devuan and LMDE. I suspect the drivers I need are not yet in the kernel. My question is, is the daily / weekly / beta / whatever directory of in-between releases available to the unwashed? Consider me part of the test team.
@Head_on_a_Stick "Privacy might be better than Chrome but security for those browsers is a complete joke."
Ah, good point, I never thought of that. Kinda like IceCat, which hasn't been updated since June 2019. Oh well, everyone needs a hobby.
Okay, I downloaded LibreWolf and tried it. I was wondering if it would clobber the .mozilla directory, but it created a .librewolf directory as it should. I was able to add Ublock Origin, though it had an extra "ARE YOU SURE?" message. Some of the things I normally do to Firefox, e.g., about:config and set punycode to true, are already done. Hope it isn't sold to some heartless corporation as happened to Waterfox.
ungoogled-chromium is strange, given that it is downloaded from opensuse.org. I'm not sure I like that idea.
Iridium's homepage is curious, given that it offers support for Windows, macOC, openSUSE, Fedora, and RHEL/CentOS, but not Debian. I would imagine that Debian and its many spins constitute the largest subset in the Linux world. Then again, both openSUSE and Iridium are German.
Iridium is available from Sparky Linux repositories.
@manyroads
Appimage, interesting. I must have glossed over those thinking I needed a .deb file. Let me play with those. Appimage being able to run without installation sounds great.
@andyprough
Actually I'm not worried about the NSA, unlike most techies. I'm worried about Russian and Chinese hackers and data-miners / Big Tech, e.g., Google (I never use Facebook).
As for Brave, what really annoys me are the keyring messages which I have seen on a number of distributions, where I can't do anything until I kill the task. Though I probably installed it via Brave's website instructions instead of using repos, something i won't repeat.
VPNs are starting to look like the Wild West, with Kape buying a number of them, along with a review site.
Thanks for the replies.
@hevidevi
Yes, I saw that, but some things that work in Debian do not work in Devuan. The lack of Ublock Origin is a problem for me as well. But I will try it because I'd like another option.
@Head_on_a_Stick
Mirror mirror on the wall, of all the Debian-supplied browsers, which is the shittiest of them all?
Why, that would be the data-mining Chrome, of course! Google has been caught many times stealing data from K-12 students in violation of federal law and each time it promises to never do it again.
@andyprough
Except for the unscrupulous owners of exit nodes.
@pcalvert
Sparky Linux has it too, if memory serves me correct. Or was that Gecko Linux? I'll look at MX Linux.
Would it be possible to have a privacy-respecting Chromium spin, e.g., ungoogled-chromium, Iridium, or LibreWolf, in the package libraries? All of these currently require compilation and/or are based on Debian Unstable.
Duh, I should have remembered that Debian has many wikis. Thanks for the reply.
I have a desktop with a Creative Sound Blaster Titanium X-Fi card that was not supported in Linux for some time. I seem to remember that Creative is not terribly helpful with respect to Linux drivers. Now I woud like to buy an external sound card to provide good sound for a business system. Creative Sound Blaster G1 and G5 look promising, but I don't want to buy something that does not work in Linux. I searched for these devices in this forum, but I found nada. Is there a source for supported sound cards?
In "How Linux Works" (chapter 4), the author noted that a file, instead of a partition, can be used for swap. I could see how this could be useful for installing Devuan after Windows to create a dual-boot, in other words, only having to worry about creating one extra partition. Is there any performance difference between partition-swap and file-swap?
P.S. In my first draft of the above, I wrote "duel-boot" instead of "dual-boot," which is probably more accurate. :-)
@Head_on_a_Stick
Interesting. So by implication, all BIOS offerings that offer Legacy and UEFI are actually UEFI?
My laptop also offers SecureBoot, but at least it warns that enabling it will cause the OS to not boot.
UEFI BIOS is a PITA with respect to booting Linux in external USB enclosures. Legacy BIOS is straightforward. When did Legacy BIOS cease to be offered in PC BIOS? Was it a set date or a technology milestone, for example, Intel Core X Generation? Did all motherboard vendors switch at the same time?
I'll start the discussion by supplying the only data point I can. In 2013, HP was still providing BIOS that offered Legacy, UEFI Hybrid, and UEFI Native, at least in its ProBook series.
Thanks for the reply.
My old laptop, which still runs, was configured for legacy boot. I built a few Linux systems on SSDs in external USB enclosures and USB flash drives. All were built using MBR, not GPT. These were NOT dual-boots, as I removed the internal SATA drive before installing Linux.
Now I bought a new laptop because the old one is having hardware problems. After I got Windows to run, I inserted a USB flash drive with Linux installed on it -- not a LiveUSB, an installation -- and selected the proper key to change boot options. However, every time I selected the USB flash drive in the list of drives, it auto-selected Windows Manager (or something very similar to those words) and booted Windows. Then I tried using a USB flash drive with a Linux distribution ISO burned onto it (in other words, it's a LiveUSB) -- and it started. So secure boot is fighting me, probably as designed.
The new laptop is designed to discourage user maintenance, as it has plugs covering the screws, and there does not appear to be a BIOS option to change to legacy boot, so perhaps my best option is to remove the old laptop's internal drive, change BIOS to UEFI, and rebuild Linux there, hoping that the new laptop will properly recognize it.
Is it possible to convert an existing legacy Linux system to a UEFI one, converting the partition from MBR to GPT in the bargain?
The WiFi is indeed rt2800pci, but disabling hardware encryption seems a bit much.
I purged Wicd Network Manager and installed regular Network Manager -- all in one Synaptic step, of course -- and things work much better now.
Of course, that explains the apparently random nature of the entry's appearance.
I deleted the relevant section for Window 10 in /boot/grub/grub.cfg. The system booted fine, without the Windows 10 boot menu entry.
The leet post? I had to look that up. Upside down and backwards.