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You may post output of these commands:
cat /proc/asound/cardsaplay -larecord -llsmod | grep sndfind /dev/snd -type cfuser -av $(find /dev/snd -type c 2>/dev/null)You may also run alsamixer (on terminal) and unmute sound devices:
alsamixersee:
man alsamixerYou may try
speaker-testsee: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Advanc … chitecture
How to Install Discord on Ubuntu or debian
https://www.webhi.com/how-to/setup-disc … ian-linux/
It works without pulseaudio:
Devuan Mate Desktop (pulseaudio was removed),
ALSA + ALSA fftrate plugin https://github.com/PetrovSE/fftrate
$ arateconf | grep Plug-ins -A3
M - Plug-ins:
[X] Convert, [ ] Expand, [X] Asym
[ ] Play Vol, [X] Dmix
[ ] Rec. Vol, [X] Dsnoopdiscord-0.0.54.deb from https://discord.com/download
apulse discord --no-sandboxapulse discordSound test (mic and playback) – everything works.
My point was that debian adds it as a dependency for their own reasons, reasons that aren't related to users wanting it or needing it.
Aka, it doesn't need to depend is a better way to say it.
They have ulterior motives.
https://dev1galaxy.org/viewtopic.php?pid=41570#p41570
Do you mean corruption? It might be something else, a sort of millitant Cargo cult, perhaps.
If, for example, you may try to install the latest version of wxMaxima from Homebrew (on Devuan),
brew will install all "dependencies" of wxMaxima, including pulseaudio, systemd, xorg, etc.
$ brew deps -n wxmaxima | grep "pulseaudio\|pipewire\|systemd\|xorg"
xorgproto
pulseaudio
systemd
xorg-server
$ brew deps --missing wxmaxima | grep "pulseaudio\|pipewire\|systemd\|xorg"
pulseaudio
systemd
xorg-server
xorgprotoThe logic of "dependencies" is very simple. If wxMaxima was compiled for Linux, it depends on Linux.
Therefore, Homebrew will install its own version of Linux inside your Devuan.
Notice, however, that Homebrew does not yet install systemd on MacOS.
But they will install it in the near future.
In any case, MacOS users can already install PulseAudio on their MacBooks with the help Homebrew.
If you do need to use apulse, it's just 'apulse firefox'. No need for asoundrc. The only time I need to use apulse is if tor-browser uses audio and then I try to use audio in firefox-esr.
I do not know, what is special about Devuan, but is was difficult to find a browser, which does not work with ALSA.
Firefox, Chromium, Epiphany, Chrome, Brave, Min - everything works without apulse.
Seamonkey does need apulse to work with ALSA.
What is more, Mate sound applet works with ALSA after removal of pulseaudio, but Xfce sound applet disappeared.
Mate Desktop, is, of course, very special. If you remove PulseAudio, it will install PipeWire.
If you remove them both, it will enable ALSA for Mate apps.
$ sudo apt-mark manual libpulse0 libpulse-mainloop-glib0 libpulsedsp
$ sudo apt-mark hold pulseaudio* pipewire* $ sudo apt-get purge pulseaudio pulseaudio-utils pavucontrol pulseaudio-module-bluetooth pipewire pipewire-bin pipewire-pulse$ fuser -av $(find /dev/snd -type c 2>/dev/null)
$ killall pulseaudio
$ fuser -av $(find /dev/snd -type c 2>/dev/null)However, if you want to use mic with Firefox (with Discord) , you do need apulse and a special ~/.asoundrc with dmix, dsnoop, etc.
apulse relies on ALSA's dmix, dsnoop, and plug plugins to handle multiple sound sources and capture streams running at the same time. dmix plugin muxes multiple playback streams; dsnoop plugin allow multiple applications to capture from a single microphone; and plug plugin transparently converts audio between various sample formats, sample rates and channel numbers.
https://github.com/i-rinat/apulse
Arch Wiki claims that the default ALSA resampler is not a resampler at all, but just a sort of "linear interpolation":
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Advanc … resampling
"When software mixing is enabled, ALSA is forced to resample everything to the same frequency (48 kHz by default when supported). By default, it will try to use the speexrate converter to do so, and fallback to low-quality linear interpolation if it is not available"
https://git.alsa-project.org/?p=alsa-li … HEAD#l1278
It is difficult to believe, but it might be true.
It was enough to replace the default ALSA resampler with fftrate, and sound quality with Firefox, PipeWire, pulse libs, and ALSA was essentially improved.
Although, of course, Firefox → apulse → ALSA (with fftrate plugin) produced much better result.
Notice that PipeWire was not removed.
apulse
https://github.com/i-rinat/apulse
fftrate
https://github.com/PetrovSE/fftrate
Linear interpolation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_interpolation
Linear interpolation on a data set (red points) consists of pieces of linear interpolants (blue lines).
It may sound extremely good.