You are not logged in.
In 20+ years, I've never seen any distro say anything but "unsupported, at own risk" with regard to skipping releases on an in-place upgrade. Devuan and upstream Debian are not exceptions.
Why would you even try it, except as an experiment?
IMO, sysvinit did need to be replaced... Just not at the expense of such excessive complexity and taking over so much unrelated functionality (and freedom to interchange low-level components).
Redhat thought sysvinit needed replacing as well, systemd fitted their vision of a "modern, standardised GNU/Linux system" (and that fitted the needs of IBM and their corporate customers), so they backed it and it's developer(s) then leveraged their influence in other projects (e.g. gnome) to force adoption.
Both business customers and casual users fleeing Windows like standardisation and "modern" (i.e. faster boot, secure restricted boot, better hotplugging, and other laptop-centric) features, nothing else had the developers budget or backing that systemd had, everyone wanted to be able to ship gnome in their distro... so here we are.
We here like our GNU/Linux a flexible, customisable, freedom-respecting hacker OS we can have full control over, but those are all bad things to corporations and normie users who have been drinking the "safety" koolaid, and they have deeper pockets and a larger userbase than we.
Like it or not, GNU/Linux is not the cool little OS by nerds for nerds it used to be. There's a huge amount of money involved these days, and whoever has the money calls the shots because even FOSS developers need paying jobs.
Well they appear to agree with my impression of the livedcd refracta "installer" at any rate. That hasn't improved since the last release.
Options are extremely limited, the "UI" presents as unprofessional and janky - "do not close this terminal window", dialog box spam everwhere (at least one of which is empty, FFS) - it's exceedingly ugly, there's no way to navigate back to previous prompts, and it's ridiculously easy to skip steps or otherwise break it.
For my own use I don't really care (I'll just netinstall same as I always have), but as a first impression of the distro, particularly for new users not familiar with the script-based install processes some of us used a decade ago, refracta is awful.
The rest is just "It's mostly Debian, so unless you really want rid of systemd there's no reason to use it over Debian"... Which is a pretty fair assessment for most people IMO.
For those who do want to run something other than systemd, Devuan is one of only a few usable options.
Managing Lutris "bottles", various Wine prefixes, and so amounts to a "web of nonsense".
Lutris does not and never has used the term "bottles", nor does one have to manually manage wine prefixes.
As for selecting wine/proton versions from a dropdown list... That's literally exactly how it works in the lutris runner configuration.
OTOH, If connect GOG account -> refresh list -> select game -> click "install" -> click "next" a bunch of times -> click "launch" is a "web of nonsense" to you, perhaps you are better off sticking to steams proprietary, curated, walled garden of not-thinking-too-hard...
Proton is great!Any suggestions for GOG games? I'd rather not install a web of nonsense like Lutris, Winetricks, Protontricks
Native GOG games are native and include a (mojosetup) installer. For windows games you'll have to use wine the same as steam does, and currently the easiest way to manage that is lutris.
I don't know what you're on about with "web of nonsense", all windows games use wine or proton (which is also wine), the only difference is the "game manager" frontend. Be it steam, lutris, playonlinux, minigalaxy, gamehub etc. etc. they're all using wine and DXVK for windows game compatibility.
As far as lutris in particular, almost any game that steam can run through proton, lutris can run through it's GE-proton wine builds with a similar level of automation. These days it even integrates with GOG, Humble, itch and a bunch of other services besides for automated download and installation.
GOG Galaxy as straight forward as Steam/Proton?
GOG galaxy has no GNU/Linux support whatsoever. While it can be run in wine (for the periods where random updates don't break it that is), IMO there's not much point unless you need its multiplayer functionality.
If this was used as "expanded storage" on a modern android device (and I expect it was by the [android_expand] partition type), it's almost certainly encrypted.
I'm not familiar with that particular device (nor do I remember in exactly which android version this changed), but encrypting user data storage has been the default for some time now, and unless you explicitly set up the device otherwise a card used for "expanded storage" qualifies.
If it was formatted as removable, it should just be a normal exFAT filesystem.
Setting the immutable bit in extended attributes should also work - chattr +i [filename] as root.
That particular bug is never going anywhere and might as well be closed with worksforme or something like that.
Many projects automate this with a "janitor" bot, e.g.
This bug has been in NEEDSINFO status with no change for at least
30 days. The bug is now closed as RESOLVED > WORKSFORME
due to lack of needed information.
Might not be a terrible idea to implement something similar for the Devuan bugtracker.
This is not the customers who do the work, but developers
Ahh, I see. You think you are a "customer" for the operating system you received for free.
That explains everything... Or at least everything prior to the unhinged drivel in your last post anyway.
Perhaps read up on how FOSS development works, and how to file actionable bug reports?
Anyhow, bye now, have fun.
there should be some investigations done... there is no investigation... because there is no resource available.
The most available resource for initial investigation of a bug only you have encountered is... You.
You appear to want want somebody else to take responsibility for this, yet you have so far:
* Reported it to a team that is not directly responsible for the component in question, with minimal information, no reproduction steps, and no logs or debug output.
* Tried to divert discussion and tracking away from the official channels (bugtracker & mailing lists) to a user forum (which few developers frequent).
* Failed to follow up when asked to reproduce the problem with an untainted kernel (taint disables kernel debugging), or engage on the bugtracker at all beyond the initial report. (hint: replies to the bugtracker mail people who might care, forum posts do not)
* Continually stated a "suspicion" that this is a software problem that "somebody" should investigate, yet focused your own cursory "investigation" entirely on hardware.
Why exactly do you expect the Devuan developers, of all people, to work on reproducing a "bug" you "suspect" you have found, when you yourself are apparently unwilling to do the same? Do you want them to feed and burp you as well?
It is not at all uncommon, regardless of the size of a project, for a bug report to remain that - just a report - until either the reporter or somebody else with the same problem provides enough information to reproduce the issue. Developers are not psychic, and what cannot be seen cannot be fixed.
Only then can it move to [confirmed] and work on finding the cause begin.
Can a report be in a moreinfo state for years?
A bug can be in [moreinfo] for as long as it takes for the submitter to provide more info as requested... Or until people get tired of waiting.
The last comment was "Did you reproduce it on an untainted kernel?", to which the response so far has been *crickets*.
I still suspect EXT4, but cannot prove this.
Isolated report from a single user (vs. the uncounted thousands running EXT4 daily), and no proposed mechanism or reliable reproduction: highly likely to remain an unproven suspicion.
Unfortunately, Devuan team seems to be too small to handle this kind of issue.
If this is a bug in EXT4 (and frankly I very much doubt that) it should be punted upstream to the kernel mailing list. Investigating esoteric kernel bugs is not Devuan's responsibility.
* OS-prober and avahi have nothing whatsoever to do with each other.
* If something as benign as mdns service discovery (avahi) "crashes" a network, that's the network admins problem. Likewise if their printers are discoverable on public wifi when they shouldn't be.
* Don't claim "bug" in a piece of software (or OS) unless you come with enough information and reproduction steps to identify it as such. One anecdote (and probably completely coincidental) is not even remotely that.
Also NoMachine, both the open-sourced NX v3 (used by X2go) and the proprietary (free for single connection) v4 protocol.
Personally I quite like X2go / NX3, It's pretty much X11 fowarding, but faster over high-latency links.
I would like to connect my laptop to a digital TV using the video and audio output from the laptop's USB port to the RCA video and audio entrey on the TV, and do so by mean of a connecting cable which has a USB plug on one side and 3 RCA video plugs on the other.
Again, there is no "cable" that will convert USB to analog video + audio. They are completely different signals, and would require a non-trivial interface device, the equivalent of an external video card + video converter (as modern video cards no longer have analog out), and sound card. Such devices do exist, but they're a long way from "a connecting cable".
Converting HDMI, displayport or either of those running over USB-C "alternate mode" to analog video is easier, as you only need the analog encoder. A cursory search search indicates such devices are readily available and relatively cheap... But until one falls out of the sky for me to play with, I have no Idea WRT to compatibility or configuration.
You'd also need an HDMI, displayport or modern USB-C port to use with it, obviously.
FWIW, video out from a USB-C port isn't really USB at all, it's effectively just repurposing the USB connector for HDMI digital video (one of the reasons USB-C has 24 pins, vs 4 for USB A & B). Getting analog video from that is still not a simple "connecting cable", but it's closer.
Have a look at the Alternate Mode protocol support matrix table here, you want "Component video". Note that all those entries specify "construction" as "active"... Anything labeled as an "active" cable is far more than just a cable, and implies a converter of some kind.
The laptop has a TV-out connection, I just wanted to know if I could use the USB port instead.
Then I suggest you use it, that's exactly what it's for. Why bugger about with any of this when you already have the right electrical signal, the right video format, and the right connector already present?
Step one: Ship me a crystal ball, so I have some idea what this "USB to RCA" device you intend to use actually is, and what video and audio chipsets it uses.
USB and composite video + analog audio (which I assume is what you mean by "RCA") are about as completely different as one can get, and anything connecting the two will effectively be a whole video card and sound card, with all the usual faffing around mirroring your screen to two video cards and configuring two audio outputs entails.
This is exactly why laptops used to include "TV out" composite or s-video from the onboard video card, for connecting to TVs and projectors. Maufacturers love to remove useful features for more "thinness" though, so good luck finding that on anything made in the last decade.
1) Am I benefitting from the magical protection of "SSH tunneling" in my interactions all the way between my PC VNC client and the VM desktop?
or
2) Does this protection only extend to the connection between the PC VNC client and the VM Host, leaving communication between the VM Host and the VM itself protected only by VNC security? Perhaps I need to create another SSH tunnel on the VM host?
There is no "magic protection" here, security is both an ongoing process and a matter of understanding what it is you are doing. SSH encryption extends between SSH client and SSH server, nothing more and nothing less. Likewise SSH authentication.
An SSH tunnel is exactly what the name implies, encapsulating and tunnelling other arbitrary TCP traffic through an SSH connection, where it benefits from whatever encryption your SSH session is using.
This is very useful for protecting unencrypted traffic over the open 'net (or as an ad-hoc "VPN"), but of questionable benefit on a trusted LAN. Operative word there is of course "trusted". If your LAN is not secure, you likely have bigger fish to fry... Such as isolating (or better, disposing of) internet-of-trash devices, and putting guest wireless connections on a restricted VLAN and/or dedicated access point.
In your scenario, the VNC client (remmina or whatever) makes an unencrypted VNC connection to port 5901 on localhost, where your SSH client is listening. SSH tunnels the connection inside it's encrypted channel to the remote machine, where the SSH server forwards it (unencrypted) to whatever is listening on the remote machine's port 5901 - in this case qemu's built-in VNC server.
Anything relating to the security of qemu (and it's VNC server) or the VM it is running is out of SSH's influence. It's simply passing network traffic from one machine to another.
Bear in mind that if the SSH server on the VM host can make a VNC connection to qemu, so can other processes or users on that machine.
You will still need to ensure the VNC server is configured to listen only on localhost and/or firewalled, and it has some kind of authentication enabled.
Local connections between processes (i.e. VNC client -> SSH client, SSH server -> qemu) are generally safe without any encryption, as they never leave the machine anyway. That said, if someone else has root on the server (i.e. it's not yours), all bets are off.
Run unstable (Ceres) (with the usual "you are now a tester" caveats), or run a rolling-release distro.
Welcome to Debian Stable (or more accurately, a distro with almost 1:1 tracking of the same).
Not having the latest SNS in the stable repos is not a bug, it's a feature. If a rolling-release with rapid updates is what you want, run a rolling release.
OP should really have just copied them to an external drive!
Or, ya know, answered the question I posed in the very first reply WRT what kind of backup they wanted. Vague questions beget suboptimal answers, what else is new. ![]()
@OP: "Restoring" a dd disk image is simply reversing the dd command, and will return the disk to the exact state it was in when you imaged it (broken windows install included). However this is likely not what you want.
To restore files from the image you will first need to mount it as a loopback filesystem.
Assuming it's a raw disk image (i.e the ".qcow" extension is irrelevant and qemu is not involved), you want something like 'mount -o loop,offset=[offset of the partition you want] [image file] [mountpoint]', or 'losetup --partscan --find [image file]' to find the partitions for you and create device nodes you can mount like any other filesystem.
Examples of several approaches here, among other places easily found with a web search.
If you want accurate advice, please be accurate WRT to partitions, disks, filesystems, and most importantly, your end-goal. As Camtaf said, this would have been easier if we had known you wanted to restore your files rather than the entire disk.
dd if=/dev/sdX of=/media/sdY/your.qcow2 bs=10M status=progress
I suggest the same as zapper says above. Well worth the time.
dd is simple, but it's also pretty slow as it'll copy everything, including empty blocks.
load a linux live distro
use a 'live' Linux pendrive
There's no need for a live distro here, regardless of the method used.
Just make the windows partition is not mounted and you can do it from Devuan (as the OP requested). dd is of course available by default, and partimage and clonezilla (which includes partimage) are in the repos.
How long is a piece of string?
There are about 50 bazillion ways to copy a partition, starting with a dead simple 'cp' of the files or 'dd' to an image file...
Personally I quite like the flexibility and features of clonezilla, but it all depends what kind of backup you want - just the files, a full disk image with the boot sectors and all that jazz, or a bitwise clone to another disk?
$ cat /etc/devuan_version ; free -m
chimaera
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 128887 102819 21226 61 4841 24548
Swap: 16383 179 16204And this box doesn't even run a GUI ![]()
I will never understand this constant obsessing over memory, it's like some kind of religion here.
The traditional unixy solution (and likely the lightest on resources) is probably the old (fetchmail / getmail) -> procmail (+formail) -> (maildir / mda) construct. Assemble parts as needed ![]()
I was running fetchmail + procmail via cron as my mail filtering / delivery system for many years, though I have since moved to getmail for retrieval and sieve within dovecot for filtering, as the box also acts as an IMAP server these days anyway.
The 'net at large should provide plenty of fetchmail/procmail/formail info, it's a system as old as the hills. Procmail filter syntax is a mite arcane, but it's very powerful once you get your head around it. Also here.
Alternatively (or if you're discouraged by the length of procmail's beard), you might just want to set up a real mailserver and use sieve scripts. As mentioned I use dovecot, but there are several other options.
As for alpine... I'm not sure why one would want to use a mail reader for automated retrieval and filtering, but if it can do it it can do it I guess. I'd consider fetchmail / getmail and a filter and/or mda of choice the more appropriate hammer though.
Any more detailed suggestions dependent on more detailed explanation of your setup (e.g. "mail dirs" meant in the traditional *nix maildir sense or folders within a maildir / mbox, where these boxes are and how your end-user readers access them, where your IMAP server is, etc.).
All the above assumes primarily syncing to and working with mail in local mailboxes or on your own mailserver (since that's how I do it), If you're more into manipulating a remote IMAP server you don't control I'll be of little use to you, and maybe something like alpine is the way to do it...
Or perhaps imapfilter. That one looks pretty promising for such a task, and could be combined with e.g. getmail or imapsync if you want a local backup as well.
please file a report so it gets fixed.
I have, and it has been. My question, i.e. are bugs in backports handled separately as they are in debian, appears to be answered by stint of said bug report being accepted.
It would still be nice if this was clearly explained on the bug reporting section of the devuan site.
That it was fixed so quickly is great. Logging being screwed up on multiple machines for multiple months before I noticed this, and me (who is not a package maintainer) being the only one who did... That isn't great at all.
Unfortunately, as systemd and other assorted crap (eg.: zeigeist) advance and dig their tentacles into the workings of Debian, that task becomes more and more difficult.
It is something most people are not aware of.
-----------------------------------> You seem to be one of them. <-----------------------------------
I am well aware of it. Awareness does not make it any less of a problem when such borkage continues to slip through.
it seldom happens in Devuan.
It happens in Devuan far more often than it does in Debian, and in far sillier ways.
if I take you to your word, you will most probably leave the ever growing Devuan user base.
Which is a real pity as Devuan could use another 'somebody', more so if it is one with your bug-tracking skills.
You can take my word as: I am getting ever closer to migrating systems that I need to work reliably, without the intrusion of random "oops" class bugs in critical packages, over to Slackware or FreeBSD.
Apparently, Devuan derives from Debian and Veteran Unix Administrators... I took this to mean that the distro would cater to administrators (who, ya know, administer things, like production servers), and inherit the stability and reliabilty of Debian... Rather than turn into another hobby distro for anti-conformist tinkerers with old laptops.
I appear to be mistaken, if the apparent focus on desktop customisation and the attitude I see from many people here have any bearing on things.
As for my bug-tracking skills... That's kinda my point. If my relatively meagre expertise and attention are all that stands between Devuan and undetected broken packages in the repos, we have problems. How am I the only one to have noticed this, in rsyslog of all things?
If you need the type of trust and assurances that Debian has given/gives you, you may want to consider going back to Debian.
I need some level of confidence that I can run headless servers, with unattended upgrades, and not have them break unexpectedly because somebody forgot to change the distro name in a default config or misplaced a patch in a shipping package version.
I especially need them not to stay broken through multiple updates - as happened here until I pointed out the borked script.
Hell, I don't have something as important as system logging go tits-up with a routine upgrade even on my bleeding-edge Gentoo desktop. If Devuan can't match the rollingist of roll-your-own rolling-release distros in terms of core package QA, I really don't know what purpose it serves.
What are we trying to achieve here anyway, Debian without the init upheaval or Debian without the stability and reliability?
Maybe FreeBSD is the answer after all.
Just looked into the Daedalus version, that looks not literally the same but as far as I can tell shows the desired two options.
Yeah, it's just the chimaera-backports package. Dog knows how that happened considering the backports are from daedalus to begin with.
Debian asks that bugs in backports be reported to the debian-backports mailing list, however there appears to be no corresponding information on the Devuan bugtracker page... Do bugs in e.g. chimaera-backports go to the main bugs.devuan.org address or what? Who exactly maintains these packages anyway?
Owing to the above lack of information, I'll post this here for web-search purposes: rsyslog from chimera-backports is currently broken WRT logrotate, due to (the usual) unpatched systemd bullshit. Do I assume this package is pulled direct from debian?
Specifically, the file '/usr/lib/rsyslog/rsyslog-rotate' installed by rsyslog-8.2302.0-1~bpo11+1devuan1 (and 8.2208.0-1~bpo11+1devuan1 before it) contains:
#!/bin/sh
if [ -d /run/systemd/system ]; then
systemctl kill -s HUP rsyslog.service
fiWhere it should be (and is in rsyslog-8.2102.0-2+devuan3):
#!/bin/sh
if [ -d /run/systemd/system ]; then
systemctl kill -s HUP rsyslog.service
else
invoke-rc.d rsyslog rotate > /dev/null
fiThus, logrotate fails to HUP rsyslogd if rsyslog is installed from backports, thoroughly borking log rotation (and things that read those logs).
Please, please tell me somebody is actually checking packages (and their config files) for systemd-isms before allowing them into Devuan (-backports), this is not the first time this kind of thing has happened and it is seriously eroding my trust in the distribution.
Syslog is a critical service, breaking it during routine updates is an extremely bad look. Installing backports on debian, by contrast, has caused me no grief at all in the last ~20 years.