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#1 Re: Installation » New bpo Kernel Upgrade 6.10.11+bpo-amd64 fails to boot » 2024-11-17 03:17:48

This turned out to be a bad dkms for a SDR device (software driven radio, which I do not use anymore) & was fixed like this (install following the purge):

$ sudo apt purge xtrx-dkms

14 updates made after including new firmware. Seems ok so far.

#2 Re: Off-topic » A Libreoffice Writer ODT that Crashes the Devuan Desktop » 2024-11-16 12:26:50

Interim update:

Synopsis:

The ODT load on a 600 page document has become so high as to freeze LibreOffice and, on a couple of occasions, also freeze Devuan solid.

$ lscpu | fgrep 'Model name'
Model name:                           AMD A8-7410 APU with AMD Radeon R5 Graphics

Work is in process to reduce that load.

The following has been completed:

  1. All Direct Paragraph Style have been changed for other styles (mostly Text Body)
    [note: in 24.8 “Text Body” has been renamed to “Body Text”]

  2. Each Heading x style (levels 1, 2, 3 + 4) contains a Text-Box (TB) at the far-right as an extra visual clue. Each TB has been swapped out for a Frame
    [styles: H1Frame, H2Frame, H3Frame + H4Frame]

The following is still in process:

  • DrawObjects are being swapped out for PNG images

  • Several hundred Direct Formats with a FreeMono font are being swapped out with a self-created “Console” Character Style
    [the original PDF described this style as “Lightface”]

Bug-Traces

Just like slugs, Bugs leave sure-fire notice of their existence.

  1. On document load the page count (Status Bar at bottom left) would vary wildly from moment-to-moment

  2. The DrawObjects would move location, often across pages as well as within them, and that could also be within the page header or footer. From observation I believe that it may be this latter that caused the freeze-ups.

  3. (added 20 Nov) Images + Tables would also move location through the text from their original place.

  4. (added 20 Nov) In the Navigator (F5) Tables, Images, DrawObjects, etc.would be listed out-of-order from their position in the text-flow

Under 7.4.7.2 it currently takes 14 seconds after document load for the system load to fall from 30% to a trivial level. Before the changes above it *never* fell below 30%.

(added 20 Nov): After vast amounts of work to create "Proper" styling, a freshly-loaded document takes 10 seconds before the load falls below 30% (an extra 4 seconds saved on earlier work)

#3 Re: Off-topic » A Libreoffice Writer ODT that Crashes the Devuan Desktop » 2024-11-12 18:49:15

4_paragraph-fix.odt was a dead end. So I began again with 1_Programming-In-Python3.odt:

  1. Opened 1_Programming-In-Python3.odt in AppImage 7.2.3.2
    (normal load, NOT 30%)

  2. Used existing lines in Title page (currently styled as Direct Paragraph) to create styles Subtitle 1, (2, 3)
    (using f11 | Styles actions | New Style from Selection); thus no line on Title page now has Direct formatting

  3. Shift+Ctrl+S (save-as) to 2_paragraph-fixes.odt

  4. Changed Text Body style to "Below paragraph: 0.50 cm" + single line spacing
    (this matches the original pdf closely)

  5. Changed default list + indent to Text Body Indent

My intention at this stage was to discover what it was that was freezing LO solid (and once froze the entire system solid). I *did* find it (a bug in 7.2.3.2, so not the original issue). First, a quick word about 'Direct Paragraph' style + Text-Boxes (TB) in H1, 2, 3 & 4 paragraphs:

The Direct Paragraph Style is the base style for all other paragraph styles. Thus, modifying that Style will affect every other paragraph in the entire document, which may (or may not) be what you want. I was also informed that using it directly as a Style throughout a document increases the processing load due to lack of caching.

Each Heading in the pdf contains a stylistic |||| for H1 headers, ||| for H2 headers, and so on. I used a TB to create these. I was advised to use a Frame instead. So what's the issue here?

TB can NOT be assigned a Style, whereas Frames CAN be assigned a Style. We are going to discover a very weird bug with these TB when we reach H2 edits. Frames also have a bad bug associated with them, but that is for later.

The next stage in these edits is to swap out each header TB for a Frame:

  1. Each H1 TB was swapped out for a Frame
    (no problems)

  2. Each H2 TB was swapped out for a Frame
    (I did it Chapter-by-Chapter; no problems until I reached Chapter 15)

  3. The "Dialog-Style Programs" (p568) + "Main-Window-Style Programs" (p574) (ODT, not PDF) each have a TB that has a daeafb Colour applied to the Area (I do not recall applying them)

  4. Changing the TB Area from Colour to None then showed the following option within menu:Edit: "Undo: Sort Shapes"

  5. Attempting to Save the change produced the following Error (below), which then prevented any attempt to save the document

  6. The identical change to the identical document under 7.4.7.2 showed zero problems

LO 7.2.3.2 wrote:

Write Error

Error in writing sub-document content.xml

Wot a blooming nightmare.

The changes made to this point DID allow 'normal' 7.4.7.2 to open document with ordinary load after some short moments processing. Battered & bruised I continue.

#4 Re: Other Issues » Setting static ip on Devuan » 2024-11-11 23:12:09

There is one main route that requires a reboot, and that is following install of a new kernel. The kernel will need installing at bootup (the only time it gets installed) and the process to that requires an initramfs, which makes a setup from RAM & at the end loads the kernel, etc., etc. initramfs is always specific to a specific kernel.
Here is some user-level info on the setup device:

dpkg -l initramfs-toolss
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name            Version       Architecture Description
+++-===============-=============-============-================================>
ii  initramfs-tools 0.142+deb12u1 all          generic modular initramfs genera

#5 Re: Installation » New bpo Kernel Upgrade 6.10.11+bpo-amd64 fails to boot » 2024-11-10 12:28:35

I assume that a bug-report here needs to be to Debian. I could not find an easy way to do that (they use an auto-report which expects you to be using Debian). Any advice?

#6 Re: Off-topic » A Libreoffice Writer ODT that Crashes the Devuan Desktop » 2024-11-10 12:14:28

This sorry tale continues.

To re-iterate: somewhere within a 600 page Writer ODT is *something* that has triggered a weird bug.

A long-time expert on the ask.libreoffice.org website fingered my use of "Default Paragraph Style" as one source for system slowdown (should be "Text Body" / "Body Text" instead). I set out to change every one of the thousands of 'ordinary' (not indented, or list, etc) Default-paragraphs to Text Body-paragraphs. Having got almost halfway through those manual changes, I have:

  1. Discovered that LO-7.6.7.2 allowed access to edit + save the odt, although the system was at 30% load throughout

  2. Changing the 43 paragraphs in the 'Introduction' / save / re-open caused all the excess load to go away

  3. Restarting LibreOffice (after no further changes) the load was back

  4. Reaching page 113 of 599 with edits the excess load goes away again.

  5. Simply restarting LibreOffice (no further changes) and the load is back.

  6. Restarting computer then LibreOffice at page 233, after changing 3 paragraphs LibreOffice freezes & has to be dismissed with prejudice (ps aux | fgrep -i libreoffice then kill -9 4112 4171).

  7. At some page before this LibreOffice froze so hard that the entire computer system also froze; it required Ctrl+Alt+F1 (go to the command-line) | login | startx | restart computer)

I can't take much more of this.

#7 Re: Installation » New bpo Kernel Upgrade 6.10.11+bpo-amd64 fails to boot » 2024-11-10 11:04:08

steve_v wrote:

Why? You're running an uncommon driver for uncommon hardware, on a backported kernel.
Expect this class of problem with new kernels and out-of-tree drivers.

I'm not certain about the 'uncommon hardware' bit, but I accept your sentiments.

First time this has happened to me. Frightened the shit out of me when I got to the boot screen!

#8 Installation » New bpo Kernel Upgrade 6.10.11+bpo-amd64 fails to boot » 2024-11-10 02:09:36

alexkemp
Replies: 7

Installed yesterday Saturday 9 November 2024, although the config file is dated different:

$ $ la /boot/config-6.10.11+bpo-amd64
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 276562 Oct  3 21:43 /boot/config-6.10.11+bpo-amd64

Error immediately after install whilst (from memory) DKMS module build. Reboot into the new kernel failed & I have to boot from the old kernel. I cannot find anything on the web about this. Difficult to believe that I am the only one.

Here is the top of the install script output that failed:

Setting up linux-image-6.10.11+bpo-amd64 (6.10.11-1~bpo12+1) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 6.10.11+bpo-amd64.
Sign command: /lib/modules/6.10.11+bpo-amd64/build/scripts/sign-file
Signing key: /var/lib/dkms/mok.key
Public certificate (MOK): /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub

Building module:
Cleaning build area...
make -j4 KERNELRELEASE=6.10.11+bpo-amd64 -C /lib/modules/6.10.11+bpo-amd64/build M=/var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build.....(bad exit status: 2)
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.10.11+bpo-amd64 (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/make.log for more information.
Error! One or more modules failed to install during autoinstall.
Refer to previous errors for more information.
dkms: autoinstall for kernel: 6.10.11+bpo-amd64 failed!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 11
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-6.10.11+bpo-amd64 (--configure):
 installed linux-image-6.10.11+bpo-amd64 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1

...and here is the top of the error-log for the xtrx build:

$ head /var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/make.log
DKMS make.log for xtrx-0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2 for kernel 6.10.11+bpo-amd64 (x86_64)
Sat  9 Nov 14:45:35 GMT 2024
make: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.10.11+bpo-amd64'
  CC [M]  /var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/xtrx.o
/var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/xtrx.c: In function ‘xtrx_uart_do_tx’:
/var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/xtrx.c:472:28: error: ‘struct uart_state’ has no member named ‘xmit’
  472 |         xmit = &port->state->xmit;
      |                            ^~
/var/lib/dkms/xtrx/0.0.1+git20190320.5ae3a3e-3.2/build/xtrx.c:473:13: error: implicit declaration of function ‘uart_circ_empty’; did you mean ‘uart_lsr_tx_empty’? [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
  473 |         if (uart_circ_empty(xmit))

#9 Re: Off-topic » A Libreoffice Writer ODT that Crashes the Devuan Desktop » 2024-11-09 17:36:41

My situation at the end of the last post proved to be a false dawn when I restarted since the 30% load was back & did not go away. No changes at my end yet the bug was back. I carried on updating the paragraphs regardless.

Whilst still in the process of fixing all normal paragraphs (by changing them to being styled with "Text Body" rather than "Default Paragraph Style") I've just reached "Chapter 3 Collection Data Types" (page 113 out of 599) and, finally, the system load has switched yet again from being at a constant 30% (1 of the 4 cpu cores constantly fully occupied) to a more normal 2%.

Reaching this state has been my goal. I've done these changes before & reached this blissful condition on that occasion. In my ignorance I thought that all my problems were over until, after many more changes, the whole thing suddenly completely froze up.

On the previous occasion I had zero idea as to what change triggered the LO freeze. This time I am monitoring the results of the changes that I make much more carefully.

Wish me luck.

PS
I got Kernel 6.10 installed from bpo today & that had a harsh computer bug. I could not restart into the kernel because of some blasted error. I had to restart into the old kernel. Together with these LO issues it all seemed completely normal.

#10 Re: Off-topic » A Libreoffice Writer ODT that Crashes the Devuan Desktop » 2024-11-09 13:38:28

A significant report to make:

  1. Some folks reported that it opened fine in old versions of LO:
    PedroReina :: LO-5.0.0.5
    Babarosa :: LO-7.6.7.2

  2. I had a strong suspicion that the mantra of 'use the newest version' may be skew-whiff (winXP v winVista, anyone?)

  3. From LO AppImages listing I downloaded & installed "LibreOffice-7.2.3.2.basic-x86_64.AppImage"

  4. It was pointed out to me on ask lo org that I was "using Direct Paragraph Formatting instead of Body Text" and that "Direct formatting puts stress on Writer because every occurrence must be handled individually whereas style effects can be cached and reused at will"

  5. 3_new.odt loaded up under 7.2.3.2 & allowed me to operate LO
    (the load was still 30%, but this time I had full access to LO).

  6. I modified the Text Body style to single line-spacing
    (that matches the original document closely).

  7. Ctrl-h gave Search+Replace. Using "Paragraph Styles" I searched for "Default Paragraph Style" & replaced with "Text Body"

  8. Changing only the paragraphs within the Introduction I saved as 4_paragraph-fix.odt, closed then re-opened.

  9. Opening 4_paragraph-fix.odt again all the excess load was magically gone. Good Lord.

Added later:

Going to re-open 4_paragraph-fix.odt I thought to open 7.4.7 & see if it would also open the ODT at less than 30% load. It turned out to be worse than that. LO froze up. What?

Opening 24.8.2 the ODT was at 30% load but *did* allow access to ODT.

I'll change the rest of the paragraphs & see what happens.

Note 1:
In 24.8.2 "Text Body" style has been changed to "Body Text"

Note 2:
The above is the 2nd time that I've been through all this. The first time I changed not just the plain paragraphs but also Tables & SideBars. I got about halfway through & changed something (do not know what) that caused the load to go through the roof & freeze LO solid (this was under 7.2.3.2). This time I'm re-doing it from the beginning, going slowly & saving damn near every minute.

#11 Re: Off-topic » A Libreoffice Writer ODT that Crashes the Devuan Desktop » 2024-11-06 22:37:02

Thanks to rolfie & Babarosa for your responses.

I decided to go with an AppImage since that offered the opportunity to use a later version without changing any of the currently installed LO elements. It turned out to be not so much of a success (and then more of a success, see below).

I went through the following steps:

  1. $ cd /usr/local/bin

  2. $ sudo wget https://appimages.libreitalia.org/Libre … 4.AppImage

  3. $ sudo mv LibreOffice-fresh.standard-x86_64.AppImage LibreOffice-24.8.AppImage

  4. $ sudo chmod a+x LibreOffice-24.8.AppImage

  5. $ LibreOffice-24.8.AppImage --help
    LibreOffice 24.8.2.1 0f794b6e29741098670a3b95d60478a65d05ef13

  6. $ sudo cp /usr/share/applications/libreoffice-startcenter.desktop /usr/share/applications/loappimage-startcenter.desktop

  7. $ sudo nano /usr/share/applications/loappimage-startcenter.desktop
    (I changed the .desktop name + all Exec lines to begin /usr/local/bin/LibreOffice-24.8.AppImage, but pretty much every else was left unchanged)

The new launch link was immediately within menu:Office | LO AppImage Start Centre & showed the correct LO version.

I launched 3_new.odt and GOOD LORD yes! I was able to navigate around the file & travel from top to bottom.

It was still troubling. LO was having problems with the page display at the bottom of the file. The number of pages showing in the Status Bar at bottom left, and also on each page, kept changing. In addition, Figure 15.1 (it is an image & can be viewed safely in the PDF) kept appearing at the top of the bibliography & also other pages, each one well out of place.

Since it seemed stable I asked for the file to be saved. Everything seemed fine & at a normal speed until almost at the very end, when LO & the screen froze. It stayed like that for some time & I had to force-close it. So, no change.

I did not make any changes to the file before saving.

2nd try:

Ran the whole thing again as to be able to discover the name of the image that kept appearing out of order near the bottom of the file (Fig 15.1) (it kept shifting in the display from page-to-page from moment to moment). I noticed that a single core (1 of 4) was active all the time. Also, that the LO version was GTK.

Then I noticed that the usage had dropped from 30% to a more-normal figure. I tried Save again & this time LO both saved it & also completed. I was able to shut the program down normally.

Whoo-hah! This version of LO is hardly working the way that it is supposed to with an ODT, but it seems that I may have use of the file back again, so many thanks to all who responded.

The following pages were also of assistance:

Update Nov 7: display fixes

#12 Re: Off-topic » A Libreoffice Writer ODT that Crashes the Devuan Desktop » 2024-11-06 15:40:21

rolfie wrote:

Daedalus backports has 24.8.2

OK, now I'm confused.

That is why I did an 'apt search', so that I could get advised of the range of different LO versions available. And it only offered me 7.4.7. Yet I've already got backports in my listing:

$ grep ^[^#] /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus                  main non-free-firmware non-free contrib
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-updates          main non-free-firmware non-free contrib
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-security         main non-free-firmware non-free contrib
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-proposed-updates main non-free-firmware non-free contrib
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-backports        main non-free-firmware non-free contrib
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/josm.list:deb https://josm.openstreetmap.de/apt/ alldist universe

I run an update every day, but I've never been offered 24.8.2.

So, how would I tell it to update from backports (or have I pinned it somehow)?

Added later:

I've looked at the search listing (which is huge) more closely & have discovered a number of bpo, but the main element appears missing. Here is the closest:

  • libreoffice-uiconfig-writer/stable-backports 4:24.8.2-1~bpo12+1 all
      UI data ("config") for LibreOffice Writer

What I mean by 'main element' is a straightforward "libreoffice-writer" etc, which is present for 7.4.7 but not 24.8.2. I think that an error has been made.

I think that I shall try to install an AppImage & pray that there are no systemD viruses tucked in there.

#13 Re: Off-topic » A Libreoffice Writer ODT that Crashes the Devuan Desktop » 2024-11-06 14:53:13

Hi Babarosa.

Your post is the most hopeful for me so far.

I've tried "apt search libreoffice" & absolutely everything that came up is 7.4.7 (same as I currently have).

How did you install 7.6.7? Is it installed concurrent with 7.4.7 or instead of?

It sounds crazily ironic that v5.0.0 & v7.6.7 both can open this ODT yet v7.4.7 freezes solid.

#14 Re: Off-topic » A Libreoffice Writer ODT that Crashes the Devuan Desktop » 2024-11-06 00:34:40

Hi Ron.

Couple of things:

  • No time to do the copy/paste before LO freezes

  • One of the bugs I found (listed at the bottom of GitHub) is that Tables encapsulated in a Frame are missed on a Copy. So it wouldn't even transfer accurately if I could copy/paste.

#15 Re: Off-topic » A Libreoffice Writer ODT that Crashes the Devuan Desktop » 2024-11-05 19:30:11

I couldn't wait, so asked LO to start 3_new.odt, started my smartphone stopwatch & waited.

There are 4 cores in my Desktop machine, and I noted that one of them was 100% occupied all the time. Just once across the next 25 minutes I noted that processing had switched to a different core.

I had decided that I was willing to give it 25 minutes.

Too often I've been in situations where a process has gotten stuck & I could have waited for eternity & never had obtained satisfaction. This seemed like one of those.

After 25 minutes I force-closed it.

Thanks stargate, but I do not think that waiting for startup is any fix for this one.

#16 Re: Off-topic » A Libreoffice Writer ODT that Crashes the Devuan Desktop » 2024-11-05 15:57:45

Thanks stargate, I'll pay attention to that & discover whether it will become responsive again (if so, perhaps the no-Contents production was an identical issue).

However, all that will have to take a back-seat. I've got pressing issues coming up shortly, and will have to attend to those first.

#17 Re: Off-topic » A Libreoffice Writer ODT that Crashes the Devuan Desktop » 2024-11-05 12:11:29

delgado wrote:

the supplied document from github does not freeze my desktop

alexkemp wrote:

I'm going to wait until the morning before I retry that.

Well, good news/bad news.

This morning I …

  1. Restarted my computer

  2. Checked that there were no lock-files in the ~/Python directory

  3. Took a deep breath

  4. Opened ~/Python/3_new.odt as only app

… and the computer did not freeze.

I kept watching for ~2 seconds, then realised that LibreOffice (LO) had frozen. I could move the mouse, but LO did not respond to any actions (no page movement, no scroll).

I tried closing LO from the desktop screen & got the "This program is not responding" message & asked for it to be closed down.

This is almost the identical behaviour that I experienced with 2_scratch.odt that caused me to try to reformat it as 3_new.odt. There is clearly some kind of issue inside the 2nd + 3rd ODT causing them to freeze. I wish that I knew where to start to find out precisely what.

The kernel has upgraded from 6.1.0-26 to 6.1.0-27 since I had the System freeze with 3_new.odt. Maybe that is a reason that my system is now safe from LO attack!

Well, many thanks to delgado for testing it out. I have a horrible feeling that I am now stuck with an untenable ODT.

In response to stargate: there are a number of Tables in this Writer document, but each is very small. There should not be any problem with a 700-page document (I sincerely hope).

The physical machine has 8 GiB of physical memory. That was a lot when I bought it, and is trivial now, of course, but together with swap-space on the HDD should be enough:

$ sudo lshw -C memory -short
[sudo] password for alexk: 
H/W path       Device      Class       Description
==================================================
/0/0                       memory      64KiB BIOS
/0/14                      memory      8GiB System Memory
/0/14/0                    memory      SODIMM DDR3 [empty]
/0/14/1                    memory      8GiB DIMM DDR3 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered) 800 MHz (1.2 ns)
/0/1a                      memory      256KiB L1 cache
/0/1b                      memory      2MiB L2 cache

#18 Re: Off-topic » A Libreoffice Writer ODT that Crashes the Devuan Desktop » 2024-11-04 22:19:02

delgado wrote:

the supplied document from github does not freeze my desktop

We are talking 3_new.odt, yes?

Argh!! I'm going to wait until the morning before I retry that. I could not stand my system freezing up again.

#19 Off-topic » A Libreoffice Writer ODT that Crashes the Devuan Desktop » 2024-11-04 13:40:53

alexkemp
Replies: 28

Somehow, I've created a feral beast that does not like Devuan.

Program bugs are one thing, but finding that your desktop freezes & nothing will work, just because you have loaded up an .odt is another experience. I'm used to this from 15 years ago with Windows, of course.

I'm perfectly serious. Is there anyone out there with the tools to be able to analyse a LO file to discover how on earth it is causing the entire desktop to freeze up?

The one clue that I have is that it may involve Frames, which seemed to be involved in every bug that I came across as I tried to add page-links into this document.

All the raw files have been placed into a GitHub repository:

TIA

Nov 8 update:
I removed the "SOLVED" prefix. Using the latest LO version does NOT solve this problem. The issue lies elsewhere.

#20 Re: Desktop and Multimedia » Something rather bizarre regarding ram has happened, » 2024-09-14 14:43:38

I do not game, yet for decades 1 TB of RAM gets filled to capacity by normal day-to-day use (I tend to leave the machine switched on 24/7 & typical timings are 7 days to hit swap usage).

I had a dedicated server for approx 15 years & it would take months & months before it needed reboot. Just one month for a desktop machine. Not good.

#21 Re: Installation » [SOLVED] deb.devuan.org doesn't respond » 2024-09-12 09:18:36

My almost-always-painless update process glitched today with a 404 when it tried to get the DEB. Immediately re-ran the (self-written) bash-file & it performed perfectly.

#22 Re: Off-topic » Something I realized, » 2024-09-06 12:28:18

There is one small extra to blackhole's excellent analysis which most folks do not realise (I am going to take the example of modem hard/firm-ware, since that is the one that I'm most familiar with):

It is little realised that most modern standalone hardware is actually a dedicated computer, in the literal sense. When it is powered up it boots up, usually into a variety of Linux. The classic example of this in the modern era is Smartphones, of course, but a perfectly astonishing amount of standalone hardware is a Linux computer under the bonnet. Usually dedicated to a specialised & limited purpose, but a computer nevertheless.

The picture in the previous paragraph began to be extensively modified for computer-connected hardware beginning about the 1980s, & that developed rapidly as computer CPUs + GPUs began to develop some serious horsepower. Computer hardware peripheral manufacturers realised that they could offload the processing performed by some of the most expensive sub-components in their peripherals onto the host computer. That process was manna from heaven for Microsoft, because it allowed MS to lock-in those devices to the MS OS. And thus the Blob was born. A BLOB which was MS-specific in it's early days, and often still is.

MS fully understands that Linux is it's main rival, is shit-scared at it's own impending doom, and does everything that it can to kill it's rival.

To try to give a little bit of current trivia that casts a light on this subject, have a look at this sentence from the utf8 wiki:

utf-8 wiki wrote:

UTF-8 is the dominant encoding for the World Wide Web (and internet technologies), accounting for 98.3% of all web pages, 99.1% of the top 100,000 pages, and up to 100% for many languages, as of 2024. Virtually all countries and languages have 95% or more use of UTF-8 encodings on the web.

To get the point of this bit of info you need the following extra information:

  • utf-8: default lang encoding for Linux OS

  • utf-16: default lang encoding for Windows OS

Precisely who is winning all the arguments? To date, that has been MS, but only according to MS. The evidence says otherwise.

#23 Re: Installation » how restore default permissions root folder after copy OS to SSD? » 2024-08-25 19:58:44

deepforest wrote:

@alexkemp

If so, what were the error messages?

freeartist-devuan@home:~$ sudo su
ERROR: ld.so: object 'libgtk3-nocsd.so.0' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded (cannot open shared object file): ignored.
[sudo] password for freeartist-devuan:

Since you are someone that ignores the advice that you are given, and yet expects others to keep giving help regardless, I'm backing out of this thread at this point.

#24 Re: Installation » how restore default permissions root folder after copy OS to SSD? » 2024-08-25 12:53:55

Did you use either su - or sudo (latter all by itself rather than 'sudo su')? If so, what were the error messages?

#25 Re: Installation » how restore default permissions root folder after copy OS to SSD? » 2024-08-22 18:59:48

use su - ("switch user to root") not sudo su. sudo by itself is "switch user to root one-time only".

This is the content of /etc/sudoers.d/README:

#
# The default /etc/sudoers file created on installation of the
# sudo  package now includes the directive:
# 
#       @includedir /etc/sudoers.d
# 
# This will cause sudo to read and parse any files in the /etc/sudoers.d 
# directory that do not end in '~' or contain a '.' character.
# 
# Note that there must be at least one file in the sudoers.d directory (this
# one will do).
# 
# Note also, that because sudoers contents can vary widely, no attempt is 
# made to add this directive to existing sudoers files on upgrade.  Feel free
# to add the above directive to the end of your /etc/sudoers file to enable 
# this functionality for existing installations if you wish! Sudo
# versions older than the one in Debian 11 (bullseye) require the
# directive will only support the old syntax #includedir, and the current
# sudo will happily accept both @includedir and #includedir
#
# Finally, please note that using the visudo command is the recommended way
# to update sudoers content, since it protects against many failure modes.
# See the man page for visudo and sudoers for more information.
#

For the record:

$ la /usr/bin/sudo
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 281624 Jun 27  2023 /usr/bin/sudo

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