problems with other graphical programs:

:~$ xaos
Illegal instruction

This happens often when the program was compiled with SSE/SSE2 flags but the CPU running (or trying to run) the program doesn't have those flags (often with GTK3 or QT apps). You can check your CPU for SSE/SSE2 flags:

grep flags /proc/cpuinfo

apt-get install firmware-linux-nonfree 

a reboot and try again a

dmesg | grep firmware

dmesg | grep firmware
[    5.926824] radeon 0000:01:05.0: firmware: failed to load radeon/R100_cp.bin (-2)
[    5.926889] radeon 0000:01:05.0: Direct firmware load for radeon/R100_cp.bin failed with e
[    5.927231] [drm:r100_cp_init [radeon]] *ERROR* Failed to load firmware!
[    5.967989] radeon 0000:01:05.0: firmware: failed to load radeon/R100_cp.bin (-2)
[    5.968155] radeon 0000:01:05.0: Direct firmware load for radeon/R100_cp.bin failed with e
[    5.968507] [drm:r100_cp_init [radeon]] *ERROR* Failed to load firmware!

thanks

They find an error like this,

radeon_cp: Failed to load firmware "radeon/R100_cp.bin

The kernel runs through a list of firmware until it finds one it can load for the device so check the full dmesg(1) output to see if any firmware is actually loaded:

# dmesg | grep firmware

and

???
I used the first option and now I ll' try to change to see if there are some improvements...
Summary of yesterday:

In the morning i tried to follow that howtos :

https://wiki.debian.org/AtiHowTo

and

https://wiki.debian.org/ATIProprietary 

but I didn't solve it, I probably had something wrong ...

in the afternoon I was at a meeting of my nearest LUG and they try to help me.

They find an error like this,

radeon_cp: Failed to load firmware "radeon/R100_cp.bin

a guy find that there is a bug over R100 and kernel but now I dont find the webpage.
I dont' exacty understand but there was a problem with the loading of the firmware by the kernel(it tries to load something before the mounting of filesystem) ,so  they move it into initramfs and it works, badly and slowly...probably due to my morning mistakes and the meetein time that was ending...

Now I'm trying to repeat the procedure correctly and to clean up any wrong configuration files

thank you so much for your help!

Do you have /etc/X11/xorg.conf file?

xorg.conf is empty

Now I'm tryiing to find the firmware i need ... is correct?

Tank you for all! 

1. Try to install firmware

apt-get install firmware-amd-graphics

Then reboot system just in case. If hardware acceleration does not work follow the next step.

2. Try to create the following file:

/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-radeon.conf

Section "Device"
    Identifier "Radeon"
    Driver "radeon"
EndSection

3. If direct rendering via hardware is still not enabled see Xorg.0.log file (you can copy contents to pastebin and give a link)

Do you have /etc/X11/xorg.conf file?

xorg.conf is empty

Now I'm tryiing to find the firmware i need ... is correct?

Tank you for all! 

  GL_RENDERER: Gallium 0.4 on llvmpipe (LLVM 3.9, 128 bits)

So the renderer working on your laptop now is software renderer. Do you have /etc/X11/xorg.conf file?

You can use gbd to investigate the segfault (if the firmware is already installed or doesn't fix them), I think Devuan has debug repositories containing packages compiled with the debug flags enabled.

https://wiki.debian.org/HowToGetABacktrace

other outputs:

:~$glxheads
glxheads: exercise multiple GLX connections (any key = exit)
Usage:
  glxheads xdisplayname ...
Example:
  glxheads :0 mars:0 venus:1
Name: :0
  Display:     0xf96e18
  Window:      0x3800002
  Context:     0xf98810
  GL_VERSION:  3.0 Mesa 13.0.6
  GL_VENDOR:   VMware, Inc.
  GL_RENDERER: Gallium 0.4 on llvmpipe (LLVM 3.9, 128 bits)
Segmentation fault

:~$glxgears
Segmentation fault

problems with other graphical programs:

:~$ xaos
Illegal instruction

this is the output  :

glxinfo | grep direct
direct rendering: Yes
    GL_ARB_direct_state_access, GL_ARB_draw_buffers,
    GL_ARB_draw_indirect, GL_ARB_draw_instanced, GL_ARB_enhanced_layouts,
    GL_ARB_multi_draw_indirect, GL_ARB_occlusion_query2,

I think it'll be useful this..

 lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] RS100 Host Bridge (rev 13)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] RS100 AGP Bridge (rev 01)
00:02.0 USB controller: ULi Electronics Inc. USB 1.1 Controller (rev 03)
00:07.0 ISA bridge: ULi Electronics Inc. M1533/M1535/M1543 PCI to ISA Bridge [Aladdin IV/V/V+]
00:08.0 Multimedia audio controller: ULi Electronics Inc. M5451 PCI AC-Link Controller Audio Device (rev 02)
00:0a.0 CardBus bridge: Texas Instruments PCI1410 PC card Cardbus Controller (rev 02)
00:0b.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8100/8101L/8139 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter (rev 20)
00:0c.0 Communication controller: Conexant Systems, Inc. HSF 56k HSFi Modem (rev 01)
00:0f.0 USB controller: ULi Electronics Inc. USB 1.1 Controller (rev 03)
00:10.0 IDE interface: ULi Electronics Inc. M5229 IDE (rev c4)
00:11.0 Bridge: ULi Electronics Inc. M7101 Power Management Controller [PMU]
00:13.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): Texas Instruments TSB43AB22A IEEE-1394a-2000 Controller (PHY/Link) [iOHCI-Lynx]
01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] RS100 [Radeon IGP 320M]

what I have to do to load athlon driver?

thanks

On segfault:

try

glxinfo | grep direct

You also have to check kernel modules.

Exe GNU/Linux doesn't include any non-free firmware but AMD, NVIDIA and recent Intel graphics cards require that to work properly.

And did you verify the md5sums after downloading the image?

You can check for a bad USB stick by copying the image back to a file:

# cp /dev/sdX check.img ; sync

And then compare the checksums again.